發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 20:53

【摘要】：在我國優(yōu)質(zhì)肉鴨的培育研究中,對于快大型肉鴨與我國地方鴨品種之間雜交研究甚少,雜交模式與經(jīng)濟效益也鮮有研究。本試驗采用人工授精技術(shù)將櫻桃谷鴨與我國優(yōu)良蛋鴨品種(金定鴨、攸縣麻鴨、莆田黑鴨、紹興鴨)進行雜交,通過雜交親本的篩選、組合模式以及雜交后代生產(chǎn)性能比較,為我國優(yōu)質(zhì)肉鴨的培育和生產(chǎn)模式研發(fā)提供參考資料。1.雜交父本的篩選。引入三種候選父本:櫻桃谷鴨(快大型、白羽)、廣東肉麻鴨(快大型、麻羽)及重慶白鴨(中型、白羽)。同樣條件下飼養(yǎng)至相同出欄體重(1.9kg左右),比較發(fā)現(xiàn),櫻桃谷鴨生長至出欄體重需要29d,料肉比1.66;廣東肉麻鴨需要35d,料肉比1.98;重慶白鴨需要53d,料肉比2.70;在屠宰性能方面,廣東肉麻鴨與重慶白鴨差異不顯著(P0.05),均顯著高于櫻桃谷鴨(P0.05)。綜合分析表明,櫻桃谷鴨早期生長速度快,飼料報酬高,養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)濟效益好,符合雜交父本所需特點,因此,選擇櫻桃谷鴨為雜交父本。2.雜交母本的篩選。對雜交母本(金定鴨、攸縣麻鴨、莆田黑鴨、紹興鴨)的生長及生產(chǎn)性能進行測定后發(fā)現(xiàn),金定鴨體重增長速度最快,初生重、105d體重及300d體重均極顯著大于其它蛋鴨品種(P0.01),攸縣麻鴨體重最小,300d體重極顯著小于其它蛋鴨品種(P0.01)。在產(chǎn)蛋性能方面,攸縣麻鴨見蛋、50%開產(chǎn)日齡最早,產(chǎn)蛋高峰期產(chǎn)蛋率表現(xiàn)為:攸縣麻鴨金定鴨莆田黑鴨與紹興鴨,且差異極顯著(P0.01);產(chǎn)蛋高峰期料蛋比:攸縣麻鴨與金定鴨差異不顯著(P0.05),均極顯著小于紹興鴨與莆田黑鴨(P0.01)。攸縣麻鴨產(chǎn)蛋性能最佳,金定鴨產(chǎn)蛋性能略低于攸縣麻鴨,但其所產(chǎn)鴨蛋蛋重極顯著大于其它蛋鴨品種(P0.01),且青殼比例最高。3.通過人工授精技術(shù)解決櫻桃谷鴨與蛋鴨品種之間體型差異導(dǎo)致交配困難的問題。成功通過母禽誘情法采集櫻桃谷父母代公鴨精液,平均采精量為0.62±0.28 ml。對各蛋鴨品種母鴨進行翻肛輸精,每隔4天輸精一次,種蛋受精率可達(dá)70%～80%,可應(yīng)用于實際生產(chǎn);種蛋受精率在輸精后第一天最高,之后逐天下降;輸精第一天后,攸縣麻鴨種蛋受精率最高,為86.24%,顯著高于莆田黑鴨71.63%(P0.05)。采用人工授精模式,公母配比達(dá)到1:27,櫻桃谷公鴨利用率比自然交配模式提高了五倍。4.對不同雜交組合后代生長、屠宰性能及肉品質(zhì)測定后發(fā)現(xiàn):各雜交組合后代生長速度介于親本之間,相較于雜交母本均有大幅提升;不同雜交組合后代飼養(yǎng)至45d,體重可達(dá)2.3～2.4 kg,料肉比2.7～2.8,成活率均高于櫻桃谷鴨;除櫻莆鴨后代外,其他雜交后代的屠宰性能均優(yōu)于櫻桃谷鴨。各組雜交后代飼養(yǎng)至70d體重增加趨于平緩,其肌肉脂肪含量與嫩度均極顯著優(yōu)于櫻桃谷鴨(P0.01),且胸肌蛋白含量高于櫻桃谷鴨,肉品質(zhì)較好。5.在不同雜交組合中,櫻桃谷鴨與金定鴨雜交后代的45d成活率最高、活重最大、料肉比最低且全凈膛率最高;同時其受精蛋出雛率最高,雜交母本金定鴨產(chǎn)蛋性能優(yōu)良,所產(chǎn)青殼鴨蛋更受市場歡迎。綜上所述,確定櫻桃谷鴨與金定鴨為最優(yōu)雜交組合。
[Abstract]:In the breeding of high-quality ducks in China, there is little research on the cross between fast-growing ducks and local duck breeds in China, and there is little research on the cross-breeding model and economic benefits. The selection of parents, the comparison of their combinations and the production performance of their offspring will provide reference for the development of high-quality meat ducks in China. 1. Selection of hybrid fathers. Three candidate fathers were introduced: Cherry Valley duck (fast-growing, white-feathered), Guangdong flax duck (fast-growing, flax-feathered) and Chongqing white duck (medium-sized, white-feathered). The results showed that it took 29 days for Cherry Valley duck to grow to the weight of the duck, and the feed-to-meat ratio was 1.66; Guangdong meat-to-meat ratio was 1.98; Chongqing white duck was 53 days and the feed-to-meat ratio was 2.70; there was no significant difference in slaughter performance between Guangdong meat-to-meat duck and Chongqing white duck (P 0.05), which was significantly higher than Cherry Valley duck (P 0.05). The combined analysis showed that Cherry Valley duck grew fast in the early stage, had high feed reward, and had good economic benefit. Therefore, Cherry Valley duck was selected as the hybrid male parent. 2. Screening of hybrid female parent. The growth and production performance of hybrid female parent (Jinding duck, Youxian Ma duck, Putian black duck, Shaoxing duck) were determined. The body weight of ducks increased fastest, the birth weight, 105-day weight and 300-day weight of ducks were significantly higher than those of other laying ducks (P 0.01), Youxian Ma Duck was the smallest, and 300-day weight was significantly lower than that of other laying ducks (P 0.01). Putian black duck and Shaoxing duck were significantly different (P 0.01); the feed-to-egg ratio of Youxian Ma duck and Jinding duck were not significantly different (P 0.05) during the peak laying season, which were significantly less than Shaoxing duck and Putian black duck (P 0.01). Youxian Ma duck had the best egg-laying performance and Jinding duck laying performance was slightly lower than Youxian Ma duck, but the egg weight of Jinding duck was significantly higher than other laying ducks. Variety (P 0.01), and the proportion of green shell was the highest.3. Artificial insemination was used to solve the problem of difficult mating between Cherry Valley Duck and laying duck breeds. After the first day of insemination, the fertilization rate of breeding eggs in Youxian was 86.24%, which was significantly higher than that of Putian black duck 71.63%(P 0.05). The growth, slaughter performance and meat quality of offspring from different cross combinations were tested. The results showed that the growth rate of offspring from different cross combinations was between their parents, which was much higher than that of their parents. The offspring from different cross combinations weighed 2.3-2.4 kg and the ratio of feed to meat was 2.7-2.8, and the survival rate was high when they were fed for 45 days. Except for the offspring of Cherry Valley duck, the slaughter performance of other hybrid offspring was better than Cherry Valley duck. The weight gain of the offspring of each group tended to be gentle after 70 days, and the muscle fat content and tenderness were significantly better than Cherry Valley duck (P 0.01), and the breast muscle protein content was higher than Cherry Valley duck, and the meat quality was better.5. The hybrid offspring of Cherry Valley duck and Jinding duck had the highest 45-day survival rate, the largest live weight, the lowest feed-meat ratio and the highest total clean-hearted rate. At the same time, the fertilized eggs had the highest hatching rate, and the hybrid female parent Jinding duck had good egg-laying performance, and the Green-shell duck eggs were more popular in the market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S834

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