流感病毒H5N1亞型虎源株的生物學(xué)特性及溯源
[Abstract]:Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are mainly spread among birds. In recent years, there have been reports of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza and death. There are also reports of other species * such as pigs, dogs, cats, tigers, leopards, etc. the cross species transmission of the virus has attracted wide attention. Isolation of H5N1 subtype influenza virus strain from a zoo of Bangladesh tiger died suddenly. Fluorescent PCR was used to identify the H5N1 subtype influenza virus. A strain of influenza virus H5N1 subtype was isolated from the tiger's lung by SPF chicken embryo and named A/Tiger. / Jiangsu / 1 / 2013. Tiger tissue pathological sections showed necrosis in the central vein of the liver, marked rarity of lymphocytes in the lymphatic sheath around the splenic artery and peripheral splenic lymph nodules, and massive exfoliated epithelial cells in the bronchioles of the lungs. The presence of H5N1 subtype influenza virus antigens provided histological evidence for the infection of Bengal Tigers with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Nucleic acid sequencing of H5N1 subtype tiger-origin influenza virus strains and purification of pathogenic tiger-origin isolates from SPF chicken embryos were carried out and their nucleic acid sequences were determined. A Vietnamese H5N1 isolate, A/muscow duck/Vietnam/LBM/227/2012, was isolated from Vietnam in 2012. EID50 of the purified strain was determined. BALB/c mice were inoculated with the dilution of 101-106 EID50 respectively. The viral titer in the lung tissue was the highest. Reed-Muench method was used to calculate the half lethal dose of the virus in mice (M LD50) results showed that all mice inoculated with different titers died on the 8th day, suggesting that the virus strain was highly pathogenic to mice. 3 Traceable samples of tiger-origin strain were tested and speculated that the bare chickens fed on the market might be the cause of the tiger infection, but the source of bare chickens could not be found. An epidemiological investigation was carried out in farms and large poultry farms over a period of one year. 1168 samples were collected, including anal swabbing, pharyngeal swabbing, poultry washing wastewater, aquaculture drinking water, feces, poultry cages and slaughter stock swabs. The authors carried out fluorescent PCR detection, isolation and purification of influenza A virus nucleic acid positive samples, and second-generation sequencing. PCR results showed that the total number of positive samples was 25, of which Changzhou and Zhenjiang had the largest number of positive samples, with the positive rates of 3.8% and 2.99% respectively. The smallest areas were Huaian and Taizhou, where no positive samples were detected; the overall average positive rate of the samples was 1.8%. The highest positive rate was found on the cutting board (3.53%), followed by the surface swabs of cages (3.18%), and the third was found in the sewage of poultry washing (3.09%). 1 strain H3N2, 1 strain H5N1, 2 strains H5N6, 1 strain H6N6, 3 strains H5N8 subtypes, 10 strains H7N9 and 9 strains H9N2. All the isolates were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. The sequencing results were used to construct the genetic evolution tree and analyze the genetic evolution of the H5 subtype strain. The amino acid sequence of each gene fragment of H5 subtype strain was analyzed. It was found that seven fragments of H5N1 subtype tiger strain and H5N1 subtype avian strain isolated from Zhenjiang in 2014 were always on the same branch in the genetic evolution tree. The characteristics of susceptible strains; HA and NA glycosylation sites, NA resistance mutation sites, host specific sites and M1, M2, NS1, NS2, NP, PB1, PB2, PA and other fragments of pathogenicity and resistance-related mutation sites are also highly consistent in HA sequence. These results confirmed that the H5N1 subtype from Zhenjiang. The phylogenetic tree of H5 subtype H5 isolates also showed that the PB2 fragment of H5 subtype H5 strain was related to the EV/Nantong/1029/2014 (H5N8) and Zhenjiang EV/Zhenjiang/4342/2014 (H5N8) of Nantong strain H5N8 and H5N8 subtype H5N8. The results suggest that the PB2 fragment of H5N1 subtype strain may come from the internal fragments of H7N9 and H9N2 subtypes of influenza virus H5N8 and H5 subtypes. Among the strains tested, H7N9 subtype was the most abundant, accounting for three of the total isolates. It is reported that the internal fragments of H7N9 subtype influenza virus strain are all from H9N2 subtype. These strains are very close to the origin of tiger strains, so it is necessary to analyze the genetic evolution of H7N9 subtype, H9N2 subtype and H5 subtype. The results showed that the fragments of influenza virus subtype H7N9 and H9N2 were in the same branch among the six internal segments of the evolutionary tree. This phenomenon suggested that the internal fragments of H7N9 and H9N2 subtypes were indeed from H9N2 subtype, and there was a certain genetic evolution relationship between their PB2 fragments and the PB2 fragments of H5 subtype.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:S852.65
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