【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)旨在研究維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵、菌群結(jié)構(gòu)以及其對(duì)肉牛生長(zhǎng)性能、養(yǎng)分消化率和血液生化指標(biāo)的影響,以期為維吉尼亞霉素促生長(zhǎng)機(jī)制及其在反芻動(dòng)物中的推廣應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)一:本試驗(yàn)旨在研究維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)肉牛生長(zhǎng)性能、養(yǎng)分消化率及血液生化指標(biāo)的影響。試驗(yàn)選取體重482 kg左右的夏南牛16頭,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組,每組8頭,試驗(yàn)組添加維吉尼亞霉素30 mg/kg(以精料計(jì))。預(yù)試期5 d,正試期40 d。結(jié)果表明:(1)維吉尼亞霉素組的料重比顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05),平均日增重較對(duì)照組有一定程度的提高(P0.05)。(2)維吉尼亞霉素組與對(duì)照組相比,粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維消化率有一定程度的提高(P0.05),有機(jī)物和粗蛋白消化率有提高的趨勢(shì)(0.05≤P≤0.1)(3)維吉尼亞霉素組血液中IgG、血糖含量比對(duì)照組有一定程度的提高(P0.05),總蛋白含量有提高的趨勢(shì)(0.05P0.1),尿素氮含量有所降低(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明:維吉尼亞霉素可顯著降低肉牛料重比,提高飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率,具有提高肉牛蛋白質(zhì)和有機(jī)物消化率及血液總蛋白的趨勢(shì)。試驗(yàn)二:本試驗(yàn)旨在研究維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵及微生物蛋白合成量的影響。試驗(yàn)采用3頭健康、體重為490±20kg裝有瘤胃瘺管的錦江黃牛作為試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物,采用自身對(duì)照法,分為對(duì)照期和試驗(yàn)期,每期21 d,前7 d為預(yù)飼期。試驗(yàn)期添加30mg/kg的維吉尼亞霉素(以精料計(jì)),對(duì)照期不添加。結(jié)果表明:(1)維吉尼亞霉素可在一定程度上提高瘤胃的pH(P0.05),可顯著降低瘤胃氨態(tài)氮濃度(P0.05),對(duì)VFA濃度無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。(2)維吉尼亞霉素使尿液中尿囊素、尿酸和尿嘌呤衍生物含量有所提高(P0.05),維吉尼亞霉素使瘤胃中微生物氮(MN)含量和微生物蛋白(MCP)含量提高了13.30%(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明:維吉尼亞霉素可在一定程度上提高瘤胃pH值,對(duì)VFA無(wú)顯著影響;能顯著降低瘤胃氨態(tài)氮濃度,有促進(jìn)氨氮利用,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白合成量的作用。試驗(yàn)三:本試驗(yàn)旨在研究維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)瘤胃菌群多樣性及結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)及動(dòng)物同試驗(yàn)二,每期試驗(yàn)第21 d采集瘤胃液樣品,采用Miseq高通量測(cè)序方法測(cè)定瘤胃液菌群多樣性及結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明:(1)與對(duì)照組相比,維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)OTU數(shù),α多樣性指數(shù)影響均不顯著(P0.05);Venn圖中可以看出對(duì)照組含有577個(gè)OTUs,維吉尼亞霉素組含有556個(gè)OTUs,其中兩者交叉548個(gè)OTUs,兩組細(xì)菌種類較為類似。(2)由門(mén)水平菌群組成可知,與對(duì)照組相比,維吉尼亞霉素使擬桿菌門(mén)比例提高了17.16%,厚壁菌門(mén)比例降低了44.99%,變形菌門(mén)比例增加了64.68%,但差異均不顯著(P0.05)(3)由屬水平菌群組成可知,與對(duì)照組相比,維吉尼亞霉素使普雷沃式菌屬的比例增加了44.13%(P0.05),顯著降低了雙歧桿菌科未培養(yǎng)菌屬及鏈球菌屬的比例(P0.05)(4)從種水平菌群可知,與對(duì)照組相比,維吉尼亞霉素使普雷沃式菌的比例提高了45.26%(P0.05),提高了新月單胞菌的比例(P0.05),顯著降低了鏈球菌的比例(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明:維吉尼亞霉素對(duì)瘤胃菌群總數(shù)及多樣性均無(wú)顯著影響,但維吉尼亞霉素改變了瘤胃細(xì)菌的組成比例。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of virginiamycin on rumen fermentation, flora structure, growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indices of beef cattle in order to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism of virginiamycin promoting growth and its application in ruminants. Sixteen Xianan cattle weighing about 482 kg were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, 8 cattle in each group were added with Virginiamycin 30 mg/kg (in concentrate). The pre-trial period was 5 days and the trial period was 40 days. Compared with the control group, the digestibility of crude fat and neutral detergent fibers increased to a certain extent (P The results showed that Virginiamycin could significantly reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and increase the feed conversion rate of beef cattle. Experiment 2: The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Virginiamycin on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle. Three healthy Jinjiang yellow cattle with a rumen fistula of 490 65507 The results showed that: (1) Virginiamycin could increase the rumen pH (P 0.05), significantly reduce the rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration (P 0.05), but had no significant effect on the concentration of VFA (P 0.05). (2) Virginiamycin could increase the contents of allantoin, uric acid and uracil derivatives in urine. The results showed that Virginiamycin could increase rumen pH value to a certain extent, but had no significant effect on VFA; it could significantly reduce rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration, promote the utilization of ammonia nitrogen and increase rumen microbial eggs. The experiment was designed to study the effects of virginiamycin on the diversity and structure of rumen microflora. Samples of rumen juice were collected on the 21st day of each experiment, and the diversity and structure of rumen microflora were determined by Miseq high-throughput sequencing method. There were 577 OTUs in the control group and 556 OTUs in the virginiamycin group, of which 548 OTUs were crossed. The bacterial species of the two groups were similar. (2) Compared with the control group, virginiamycin made bacillus. The proportion of phylum increased by 17.16%, that of sclerenchyma decreased by 44.99%, that of Proteus increased by 64.68%, but the difference was not significant (P 0.05) (3) Compared with the control group, Virginiamycin increased the proportion of Prevo by 44.13% (P 0.05), and significantly decreased the uncultured bacteria and Streptococcus of Bifidobacterium family. The proportion of bacteria (P 0.05) (4) At the species level, Virginiamycin increased the proportion of Pravobacterium by 45.26% (P 0.05), increased the proportion of Crescent bacteria (P 0.05), and significantly decreased the proportion of Streptococcus (P 0.05) compared with the control group. However, Virginia mycin changed the composition of rumen bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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