【摘要】：環(huán)境因子對(duì)物種多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的影響是生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的核心問題之一。內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原是內(nèi)蒙古草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,開展荒漠草原物種多樣性與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能及其與環(huán)境因子之間關(guān)系的研究十分必要。本文選擇了內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原80個(gè)具有代表性的典型樣地,通過實(shí)地的植被和土壤調(diào)查,獲取了群落物種多樣性、生產(chǎn)力和土壤養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)(全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、有機(jī)碳)。結(jié)合氣候資料探討了年平均降水量、年平均溫度、干燥指數(shù)與土壤養(yǎng)分對(duì)荒漠草原物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力的影響,確定了影響多樣性和生產(chǎn)力的主導(dǎo)環(huán)境因子,分析了荒漠草原物種多樣性與生產(chǎn)力的關(guān)系。得到以下主要結(jié)論：(1)內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原土壤養(yǎng)分含量匱乏,土壤肥力處于較低水平。全氮含量為0.116%,屬于三級(jí)中等水平；全磷含量為0.036%,屬于六級(jí)極度缺乏等級(jí)；速效氮含量為45ppm,屬五級(jí)很匱乏等級(jí)；有機(jī)碳含量為1.298%,屬于四級(jí)缺乏等級(jí)；只有速效磷含量為29ppm,屬于二級(jí)相對(duì)豐富狀態(tài)。(2)內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力受氣候因子的影響顯著。物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力與年平均降水量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān),與年平均溫度呈負(fù)相關(guān),與干燥指數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān)。干燥指數(shù)同物種豐富度和初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的相關(guān)性最高。(3)不同土壤養(yǎng)分對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力的影響存在差異,土壤氮素對(duì)荒漠草原物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力具有重要影響。物種多樣性隨速效氮含量的增加而升高,隨全磷含量的增加而降低。生產(chǎn)力與土壤有機(jī)碳、全氮和速效氮含量呈顯著的線性正相關(guān)。(4)相對(duì)于土壤養(yǎng)分而言,水熱因子是影響內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原區(qū)物種多樣性和生產(chǎn)力的主要環(huán)境因子。表征水熱綜合因子的干燥指數(shù)作為解釋物種豐富度的第一因子和解釋群落生產(chǎn)力的唯一最重要的因子被引入多元逐步回歸模型,而且都呈現(xiàn)出顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系；年平均溫度作為解釋Shannon-wiener指數(shù)的第一因子被引入模型。(5)內(nèi)蒙古荒漠草原物種多樣性與群落初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力之間呈現(xiàn)線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,二者關(guān)系受到了氣候因子和土壤養(yǎng)分的制約。
[Abstract]:The influence of environmental factors on species diversity and ecosystem function is one of the core problems in ecology. Desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is an important part of grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. It is necessary to study the relationship between species diversity, ecosystem function and environmental factors in desert steppe. In this paper, 80 representative typical plots of Inner Mongolia desert steppe were selected, and the community species diversity, productivity and soil nutrient data (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available phosphorus) were obtained through field vegetation and soil survey. Organic carbon The effects of annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, drying index and soil nutrients on species diversity and productivity of desert steppe were discussed, and the dominant environmental factors affecting diversity and productivity were determined. The relationship between species diversity and productivity in desert steppe was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the soil nutrient content of Inner Mongolia desert steppe is deficient and the soil fertility is low. The total nitrogen content is 0.116, which belongs to the middle level of three levels; the total phosphorus content is 0.036, which belongs to the extreme lack grade of the sixth grade; the available nitrogen content is 45 ppm, which belongs to the five levels very deficient grade; the organic carbon content is 1.298, belonging to the fourth grade lack grade; Only the available phosphorus content was 29ppm, which belonged to the second order relatively rich state. (2) the species diversity and productivity of Inner Mongolia desert steppe were significantly affected by climatic factors. Species diversity and productivity were positively correlated with annual average precipitation, negatively correlated with annual mean temperature, and positively correlated with drying index. Drying index had the highest correlation with species richness and primary productivity. (3) the effects of different soil nutrients on species diversity and productivity in Inner Mongolia desert steppe were different. Soil nitrogen plays an important role in species diversity and productivity of desert steppe. Species diversity increased with the increase of available nitrogen content and decreased with the increase of total phosphorus content. There was a significant linear positive correlation between soil productivity and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen content. (4) compared with soil nutrients, water and heat factors were the main environmental factors affecting species diversity and productivity in desert grassland of Inner Mongolia. As the first factor to explain the species richness and the single most important factor to explain the community productivity, the drying index which characterizes the water and heat synthesis factors was introduced into the multivariate stepwise regression model, and there was a significant correlation between them. The annual mean temperature was introduced into the model as the first factor to explain the Shannon-wiener index. (5) there was a linear positive correlation between species diversity and primary productivity of the community in Inner Mongolia desert steppe. The relationship between them was restricted by climate factors and soil nutrients.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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