筍殼與麥麩、稻殼、稻草混合青貯過程營養(yǎng)成分及有機酸變化的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 09:45
【摘要】：本試驗以筍殼為青貯主原料,利用農副產品麥麩、稻殼以及稻草分別按不同比例與其青貯,進行筍殼混合青貯的研究。試驗分三個部分:前兩個部分分別設計四個處理:筍殼分別與麥麩、稻殼按鮮重比60:40、70:30、80:20、85:15進行混合青貯;第三部分設計五個處理:筍殼與稻草按鮮重比60:40、70:30、80:20、85:15,97%(80筍殼+20稻草)+3%玉米粉進行混合青貯,試驗每個處理設四個重復。試驗采用動態(tài)設計,分別于青貯發(fā)酵的1、7、14、30、45天打開青貯瓶取樣,對青貯樣品進行感觀評定、營養(yǎng)成分以及有機酸含量測定分析。通過青貯品質的比較以及相關指標動態(tài)變化情況分析,篩選出適宜混合青貯組合。結果如下:營養(yǎng)成分測定結果觀察青貯1到45天變化過程,營養(yǎng)成分測定表明:筍殼與麥麩、稻殼、稻草混合青貯1到45天內水分含量無顯著變化。處理組70%筍殼+30%稻殼和80%筍殼+20%稻殼處理組樣品第7天時干物質含量顯著下降(P㩳0.05),14到45天無顯著變化。隨著青貯天數的增加,所有樣品的粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合(WSC)、中性洗滌纖維(NDF)、酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)含量均表現出下降趨勢,其中,在青貯第7天時粗蛋白含量均顯著(P㩳0.05)下降。中性洗滌纖維(NDF)含量7天到14天變化最突出,在第14天均顯著(P㩳0.05)下降;80%筍殼+20%稻殼和85%筍殼+15%稻殼處理組樣品酸性洗滌纖維(ADF)含量在第7天、14、30天時均顯著(P㩳0.05)下降�；旌锨噘A處理組樣品粗灰分含量隨著青貯天數的增加,前30天逐漸增加,在第45天時又有所下降。青貯過程中氨態(tài)氮/總氮值在青貯前7天上升最快(P㩳0.05)。青貯結束時,60%筍殼+40%麥麩處理組感觀評定結果良好,NDF、ADF含量低。70%筍殼+30%稻殼和80%筍殼+20%稻殼處理組感觀評定結果良好,可溶性還原糖減少量以及氨態(tài)氮/總氮比值低。70%筍殼+30%稻草處理組感官評定結果良好,NDF、ADF含量低。筍殼單獨青貯感官評定結果劣等。97%(80%筍殼+20%稻草)+3%玉米粉處理組感觀評定優(yōu),粗蛋白含量以及可溶性還原糖含量高,氨態(tài)氮/總氮比值低。pH值及有機酸測定結果觀察青貯1到45天變化過程,混合青貯各處理組樣品在青貯第7天時pH值均顯著(P㩳0.05)下降,第14和30天時pH值持續(xù)降低,第45天時樣品的pH值又略有上升�；旌锨噘A樣品中乳酸、乙酸含量隨青貯發(fā)酵時間的增加逐漸升高,前7天顯著增加(P㩳0.05),14天,30天,45天時持續(xù)緩慢增加。隨著青貯發(fā)酵的進行,丙酸含量有所增加,青貯第30天各處理組樣品丙酸含量達到最大值,與第1天相比均顯著(P㩳0.05)提高。在青貯前期,各處理組混合青貯樣品中沒有丁酸,青貯14天時80%筍殼+20%麥麩、85%筍殼+15%麥麩處理組開始出現了少量丁酸。青貯結束時,60%筍殼+40%麥麩處理組乳酸、乙酸含量均有所提高pH值較低,在青貯過程未產生丁酸。80%筍殼+20%稻殼、70%筍殼+30%稻殼處理組青貯后期乳酸含量增加明顯,pH值較低,青貯過程未產生丁酸,青貯品質優(yōu)。70%筍殼+30%稻草處理組,青貯過程乳酸含量較高pH值較低,青貯后期未出現丁酸,適宜青貯。筍殼單獨青貯樣品pH值變化不明顯,同時有少量丙酸、丁酸產生。綜合感觀評定結果、營養(yǎng)成分測定結果、pH值以及有機酸測定結果可得:筍殼單獨青貯,青貯品質差,不宜單獨青貯。稻殼與筍殼混合青貯較麥麩、稻草與筍殼混合青貯品質好。稻殼與筍殼混合青貯品質優(yōu),最佳組合為80%筍殼+20%稻殼;麥麩與筍殼混合青貯可行,青貯品質一般,適宜組合為60%筍殼+40%麥麩;麥麩與稻草混合青貯可行,但青貯品質較差,可行組合為70%筍殼+30%稻草;添加玉米粉能顯著提高筍殼與稻草混合青貯品質,97%(80%筍殼+20%稻草)+3%玉米粉處理組青貯品質優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, bamboo shoot husk was used as silage material, and wheat bran, rice husk and straw were used as silage products to study the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot husk. Five treatments were designed in part: the ratio of fresh weight of bamboo shoot shell to straw was 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 97% (80 bamboo shoot shell + 20 straw) + 3% corn flour, and four replicates were carried out for each treatment. The results were as follows: The results of nutrient analysis showed that there was no water content in the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot shell and wheat bran, rice husk and rice straw within 1 to 45 days. The dry matter content of 70% bamboo shoot husk + 30% rice husk and 80% bamboo shoot husk + 20% rice husk decreased significantly on the 7th day (P? 0.05), but did not change significantly on the 14th to 45th days. The crude protein content decreased significantly on the 7th day of silage (P?0.05). The NDF content changed most prominently from 7 days to 14 days, and decreased significantly on the 14th day (P?0.05). The ADF content of 80% bamboo shoot hull + 20% rice hull and 85% bamboo shoot hull + 15% rice hull decreased significantly on the 7th day, 14 and 30 days (P?0.05). The crude ash content of the Mixed Silage treatment group increased gradually in the first 30 days and decreased again in the 45th day with the increase of silage days. Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen value increased fastest in the 7 days before silage (P?0.05). At the end of silage, the sensory evaluation results of 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran treatment group were good, and NDF and ADF content were low.70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice husk. The sensory evaluation results of 80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice husk treatment group were good, the reduction of soluble reducing sugar and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen were low. 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw treatment group had good sensory evaluation results, and the contents of NDF and ADF were low. The sensory evaluation results of bamboo shoot shell silage alone were inferior. 97% (80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice straw) + 3% corn flour treatment group had better sensory evaluation, and crude protein was better. The results of pH value and organic acid determination showed that the pH value of the Mixed Silage samples decreased significantly (P?0.05) on the 7th day of silage, decreased continuously on the 14th and 30th days of silage, and increased slightly on the 45th day of silage. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased gradually with the increase of silage fermentation time. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly in the first 7 days (P?0.05), 14 days, 30 days and 45 days. In the early stage, there was no butyric acid in the Mixed Silage samples of each treatment group. At 14 days of silage, 80% bamboo shell + 20% wheat bran, 85% bamboo shell + 15% wheat bran appeared a small amount of butyric acid. The content of lactic acid in rice husk treatment group increased obviously in the later stage of silage, the pH value was lower, butyric acid was not produced in the silage process, and the quality of silage was excellent. 70% bamboo husk + 30% straw treatment group. The content of lactic acid in the silage process was higher and pH value was lower, butyric acid did not appear in the later stage of silage, so it was suitable for silage. The results of sensory evaluation, determination of nutrient composition, pH value and organic acid showed that the shells of bamboo shoots were silage alone, and the quality of silage was poor. The Mixed Silage of rice husk and bamboo husk was better than wheat bran, and the Mixed Silage of rice straw and bamboo husk was better. Mixed silage with bamboo shoot shell was feasible, and the silage quality was normal. The suitable combination was 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran. Mixed silage with wheat bran and rice straw was feasible, but the silage quality was poor. The feasible combination was 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.53
本文編號：2200439
[Abstract]:In this experiment, bamboo shoot husk was used as silage material, and wheat bran, rice husk and straw were used as silage products to study the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot husk. Five treatments were designed in part: the ratio of fresh weight of bamboo shoot shell to straw was 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 97% (80 bamboo shoot shell + 20 straw) + 3% corn flour, and four replicates were carried out for each treatment. The results were as follows: The results of nutrient analysis showed that there was no water content in the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot shell and wheat bran, rice husk and rice straw within 1 to 45 days. The dry matter content of 70% bamboo shoot husk + 30% rice husk and 80% bamboo shoot husk + 20% rice husk decreased significantly on the 7th day (P? 0.05), but did not change significantly on the 14th to 45th days. The crude protein content decreased significantly on the 7th day of silage (P?0.05). The NDF content changed most prominently from 7 days to 14 days, and decreased significantly on the 14th day (P?0.05). The ADF content of 80% bamboo shoot hull + 20% rice hull and 85% bamboo shoot hull + 15% rice hull decreased significantly on the 7th day, 14 and 30 days (P?0.05). The crude ash content of the Mixed Silage treatment group increased gradually in the first 30 days and decreased again in the 45th day with the increase of silage days. Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen value increased fastest in the 7 days before silage (P?0.05). At the end of silage, the sensory evaluation results of 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran treatment group were good, and NDF and ADF content were low.70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice husk. The sensory evaluation results of 80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice husk treatment group were good, the reduction of soluble reducing sugar and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen were low. 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw treatment group had good sensory evaluation results, and the contents of NDF and ADF were low. The sensory evaluation results of bamboo shoot shell silage alone were inferior. 97% (80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice straw) + 3% corn flour treatment group had better sensory evaluation, and crude protein was better. The results of pH value and organic acid determination showed that the pH value of the Mixed Silage samples decreased significantly (P?0.05) on the 7th day of silage, decreased continuously on the 14th and 30th days of silage, and increased slightly on the 45th day of silage. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased gradually with the increase of silage fermentation time. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly in the first 7 days (P?0.05), 14 days, 30 days and 45 days. In the early stage, there was no butyric acid in the Mixed Silage samples of each treatment group. At 14 days of silage, 80% bamboo shell + 20% wheat bran, 85% bamboo shell + 15% wheat bran appeared a small amount of butyric acid. The content of lactic acid in rice husk treatment group increased obviously in the later stage of silage, the pH value was lower, butyric acid was not produced in the silage process, and the quality of silage was excellent. 70% bamboo husk + 30% straw treatment group. The content of lactic acid in the silage process was higher and pH value was lower, butyric acid did not appear in the later stage of silage, so it was suitable for silage. The results of sensory evaluation, determination of nutrient composition, pH value and organic acid showed that the shells of bamboo shoots were silage alone, and the quality of silage was poor. The Mixed Silage of rice husk and bamboo husk was better than wheat bran, and the Mixed Silage of rice straw and bamboo husk was better. Mixed silage with bamboo shoot shell was feasible, and the silage quality was normal. The suitable combination was 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran. Mixed silage with wheat bran and rice straw was feasible, but the silage quality was poor. The feasible combination was 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.53
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