【摘要】：可持續(xù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為世界各國普遍追求的目標(biāo),區(qū)域可持續(xù)性的評估也逐漸成為制定區(qū)域發(fā)展政策的重要理論依據(jù)。甘南藏族自治州是我國典型的高寒牧區(qū)之一,其可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題已成為當(dāng)前發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)的關(guān)鍵。本研究基于能值理論,運(yùn)用改進(jìn)的能值生態(tài)足跡模型,對2005-2013年甘南藏族自治州(簡稱甘南州)各縣、市可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)進(jìn)行了定量研究。改進(jìn)模型的關(guān)鍵在于采用區(qū)域能值密度計(jì)算生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)足跡,能夠更真實(shí)地反映研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的供給能力和人類對資源的消耗狀況。結(jié)果表明,1)研究區(qū)生態(tài)足跡組成中,畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品所占比重最大,并保持穩(wěn)定;電力和燃料煤比重逐年上升,而種植業(yè)產(chǎn)品和野柴草比重有所降低。2)甘南州人均生態(tài)足跡不斷增大,由2005年的4.77 hm~2/人增加到2013年的7.09 hm~2/人;人均生態(tài)承載力呈波動(dòng)變化,保持在4.64~5.65 hm~2/人之間。3)甘南州生態(tài)足跡指數(shù)總體呈下降趨勢,9年間整體處于不可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。4)甘南州萬元GDP生態(tài)足跡由2005年的12.60 hm~2/萬元下降到2013年的4.86 hm~2/萬元,資源利用效率不斷提高,其中合作市最高,迭部縣次之,其他各縣無明顯區(qū)別。5)甘南州以畜牧業(yè)為主的瑪曲縣、碌曲縣、夏河縣和合作市人均生態(tài)足跡和人均生態(tài)承載力總體均大于農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)區(qū)的臨潭縣、卓尼縣、舟曲縣和迭部縣。9年間,迭部縣、瑪曲縣和碌曲縣處于可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài);夏河縣、卓尼縣和舟曲縣處于不可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài);合作市和臨潭縣處于嚴(yán)重不可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)�；谝陨涎芯拷Y(jié)果,對研究區(qū)未來可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)行了有益探討。
[Abstract]:Sustainable development has become the goal that countries all over the world pursue and the evaluation of regional sustainability has gradually become an important theoretical basis for formulating regional development policies. Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the typical alpine pastoral areas in China. The sustainable development of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has become the key to the development of animal husbandry. Based on the emergy theory and using the improved emergy ecological footprint model, the sustainable development status of the counties and cities in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan Autonomous Prefecture) from 2005 to 2013 was studied quantitatively. The key of the improved model is to use the regional emergy density to calculate the ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint, which can more truly reflect the supply capacity of the ecosystem and the human consumption of resources in the study area. The results show that 1) the proportion of animal husbandry products is the largest in the ecological footprint of the study area, and the proportion of electricity and fuel coal is increasing year by year. The ecological footprint of Gannan increased from 4.77 hm~2/ in 2005 to 7.09 hm~2/ in 2013, and the per capita ecological carrying capacity fluctuated. The ecological footprint index of Gannan state was in the state of unsustainable development in the past 9 years.) the ecological footprint of Wanyuan GDP in Gannan decreased from 12600 hm~2/ in 2005 to 4.86 hm~2/ in 2013, and the ecological footprint of Gannan decreased from 12.6 hm~2/ in 2005 to 4.86 hm~2/ in 2013, and the ecological footprint of Gannan decreased from 12.6 hm~2/ in 2005 to 4.86 hm~2/ in 2013. The efficiency of resource utilization is improving continuously, in which cooperative city is the highest, Dibu county takes second place, and other counties have no obvious difference (.5) Maqu County, Luqu County, which is dominated by animal husbandry in Gannan Prefecture, is located in Luqu County. The ecological footprint per capita and ecological carrying capacity per capita in Xiahe county and cooperative city are generally larger than those in Lintan county, Zhuoni county, Zhouqu county and Dibu county in the interlaced area of agriculture and pastoral areas. During the past 9 years, Diubu county, maqu county and Luqu county were in a state of sustainable development; xiahe county was in a state of sustainable development Zhuoni county and Zhouqu county are in the state of unsustainable development, and cooperative city and Lintan county are in the state of serious unsustainable development. Based on the above results, the future sustainable development of the study area is discussed.
【作者單位】： 草地農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室蘭州大學(xué)草地農(nóng)業(yè)科技學(xué)院;蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)農(nóng)林經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(31170430,41471450,31372367,31222053) 國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金(14CJY010) 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(lzujbky-2016-br05) 中央高校自由探索優(yōu)秀研究生創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(2022016zr0185)資助
【分類號】：F326.3;S811

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