發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式對櫻桃谷肉鴨養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境和免疫功能的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 07:55
【摘要】：發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式,可以改善櫻桃谷肉鴨養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境、提高肉鴨生產(chǎn)性能,提高機(jī)體免疫功能等作用,對改善肉鴨養(yǎng)殖過程中糞污處理具有重要意義。本試驗旨在研究發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式降低鴨舍需氧菌濃度、氨氣濃度,改善肉鴨養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境,提高肉鴨生產(chǎn)性能。通過與普通網(wǎng)上養(yǎng)殖對照,研究不同養(yǎng)殖模式下其血液免疫細(xì)胞、腸道免疫細(xì)胞免疫,免疫抗體水平的差異,揭示了發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式促進(jìn)了櫻桃谷肉鴨的養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境改善,增強(qiáng)肉鴨免疫免疫能力,提高了肉鴨生產(chǎn)性能,是櫻桃谷肉鴨較為理想的養(yǎng)殖模式,為發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式在肉鴨養(yǎng)殖中推廣應(yīng)用,提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。試驗選用1日齡櫻桃谷肉鴨300只,分成試驗組和對照組兩個,每個組3個做重復(fù),每個重復(fù)50只肉鴨,每組共150只肉鴨,肉鴨生長到10日齡時,在按照肉鴨整齊度均勻分到每個重復(fù)組中,試驗周期共計42天。試驗組為發(fā)酵床網(wǎng)上飼養(yǎng)模式的鴨舍,基礎(chǔ)飼料中添加微生態(tài)制劑,現(xiàn)用現(xiàn)配,當(dāng)天用完,發(fā)酵床每周調(diào)整墊料1-2次。對照組為常規(guī)網(wǎng)架飼養(yǎng)模式的鴨舍,基礎(chǔ)飼料飼喂,糞便處理按照鴨場原有網(wǎng)養(yǎng)方式進(jìn)行。試驗結(jié)果如下:試驗一、發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式對櫻桃谷肉鴨養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境的影響1、試驗組試驗組空氣中需氧菌(細(xì)菌、真菌)濃度始終變化不大且低于對照組。試驗組空氣中需氧菌濃度和需氧真菌濃度在生長前期(14-21天)始終變化不大,35-42天時雖有略微升高,但是整體趨勢變化不大。而對照組空氣中需氧細(xì)菌濃度和需氧真菌濃度隨著日齡的增長不斷上升;試驗組氨氣濃度基本保持不變,而對照組氨氣濃度隨日齡增加逐漸增大。經(jīng)過統(tǒng)計系統(tǒng)查驗,試驗組和對照組在14-21日齡,肉鴨發(fā)酵床圈舍和普通圈舍內(nèi)氨氣濃度差異不顯著(P0.05)。21-28日齡,肉鴨發(fā)酵床圈舍和普通圈舍內(nèi)氨氣濃度差異顯著(P0.05)。28-42日齡,肉鴨發(fā)酵床圈舍和普通圈舍內(nèi)氨氣濃度差異極顯著(P0.05)。2、試驗組的平均日增重顯著高于對照組(P0.05);試驗組的平均日采食量、料重比顯著低于對照組(P0.05);試驗組的存活率顯著高于對照組(P0.05)。試驗二、發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式對櫻桃谷肉鴨免疫功能的影響1、法氏囊指數(shù),試驗組始終高于對照組,且兩組實驗的法氏囊指數(shù)隨著日齡的增加逐漸減小,21日齡法氏囊指數(shù)試驗組與對照組差不異顯著(P㧐0.05),35、42日齡法氏囊指數(shù)試驗組與對照組差異極顯著(P0.01);脾臟指數(shù),試驗組始終高于對照組,且兩組實驗的脾臟指數(shù)隨著日齡的增加逐漸減小,21日齡脾臟指數(shù)試驗組與對照組差異不顯著(p㧐0.05),35日齡脾臟指數(shù)試驗組與對照組差異顯著(p0.05)、42日齡脾臟指數(shù)試驗組與對照組差異極其顯著(p0.01);胸腺指數(shù),試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨始終高于對照組普通圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨,隨日齡增長兩組試驗肉鴨的胸腺指數(shù)逐漸減小,肉鴨在2l、35、42日齡,兩組試驗肉鴨的胸腺指數(shù)差異極其顯著(p0.05);2、巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬能力主要表現(xiàn)為吞噬率和吞噬指數(shù),42日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨腹腔內(nèi)巨噬細(xì)胞,吞噬率統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出極顯著高于對照組(p0.01),吞噬指數(shù)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出顯著高于對照組(p0.05),證實了發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式可以提高肉鴨腹腔內(nèi)巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬能力;試驗組的t淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率始終高于對照組,14日齡差異不顯著(p0.05),21、28、35、42日齡,試驗組t淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率和對照組差異極顯著(p0.01)。試驗前期,外周血的t淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率處于增長狀態(tài),后期趨于下降;3、肉鴨十二指腸iel數(shù)量,試驗組始終高于對照組,在21日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨十二指腸iel數(shù)量高于對照組,但統(tǒng)計結(jié)果差異不顯著(p㧐0.05)。35、42日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨十二指腸iel數(shù)量統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出差異極其顯著高于對照組(p0.01);肉鴨十二指腸肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量,試驗組始終高于對照組,21、35、42日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨十二指腸肥大細(xì)胞數(shù)量統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出差異極其顯著高于對照組(p0.01);肉鴨十二指腸杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)量,試驗組始終高于對照組,21日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨十二指腸杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)量高于對照組普通養(yǎng)殖圈舍,統(tǒng)計分析差異不顯著(p0.05);35、42日齡,試驗組發(fā)酵床圈舍飼養(yǎng)肉鴨十二指腸杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)量統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出顯著高于對照組(p0.05)。4、試驗組的抗體水平均高于對照組試驗組。試驗組在28日齡(免疫禽流感疫苗后21天)時達(dá)到最高,對照組的抗體水平在21日齡(免疫禽流感疫苗后的14天)后達(dá)到最高。在28、35日齡,兩組實驗的抗體水平差異極顯著(p0.01),其他日齡差異不顯著。綜合以上試驗結(jié)果:發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式,有效的降低了鴨舍空氣中需氧菌和氨氣的濃度,改善了鴨舍的環(huán)境,促進(jìn)了肉鴨的增重、降低采食量、料重比,提高成活率,提高了櫻桃谷肉鴨的生產(chǎn)性能,促進(jìn)了免疫器官發(fā)育,提高血液中巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬能力和T淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化能力,促進(jìn)了腸黏膜免疫相關(guān)細(xì)胞生長,提高了禽流感抗體水平,揭示了發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式,能增強(qiáng)鴨群特異性和非特異性免疫能力。發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖模式能夠改善櫻桃谷肉鴨養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境,提高其生產(chǎn)性能及機(jī)體免疫能力,對解決肉鴨養(yǎng)殖過程中糞便污染問題,提高養(yǎng)殖效益具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The culture mode of fermented bed can improve the breeding environment of cherry valley meat duck, improve the production performance of meat ducks, improve the immune function of the body and so on. It is of great significance to improve the treatment of fecal pollution in the process of meat duck breeding. The production performance of duck was compared with the common net culture, and the difference of blood immune cells, intestinal immune cell immunity and immunization antibody level under different culture models revealed that the fermentation bed culture mode promoted the improvement of the culture environment of Cherry Valley duck, enhanced the immunity of the duck and improved the production performance of meat ducks, and was the cherry valley. The ideal breeding mode of meat duck was used to promote the application of the fermentation bed culture mode in meat duck breeding. It provided the theoretical basis and technical guidance. The experiment selected 300 Cherry Valley ducks 1 days old, divided into the test group and the control group two, each group 3 duplicated, each repeated 50 meat ducks, each group had 150 meat ducks, and the meat ducks grew to 10 days old, at the age of 10 days. According to the uniformity of the meat ducks, the test period was 42 days. The experimental group was the duck house of the fermenting bed and the basic feed was added with the micro ecological preparation. It was used now, the same day was used, the fermentation bed was adjusted 1-2 times a week. The control group was the duck house, the foundation feed and the feces treatment. The experimental results were as follows: Experiment 1, the effect of fermentation bed culture mode on cherry valley meat duck breeding environment was 1. The concentration of aerobic bacteria (bacteria, fungi) in the air of test group changed little and lower than that of the control group. The concentration of aerobic bacteria in the air and the concentration of aerobic fungi in the experimental group were in the early stage of growth (14-21). In the control group, the concentration of aerobic bacteria and the concentration of aerobic fungi increased with the age of age, and the concentration of ammonia in the test group remained unchanged, while the concentration of the ammonia gas in the control group increased gradually with the increase of the age of 35-42. The difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and ordinary enclosure was not significant (P0.05).21-28 days of age at the age of 14-21 days, and the difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and the ordinary enclosure was significant (P0.05).28-42 days of age, and the difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and the ordinary enclosure was very significant (P0.05).2, the average day of the test group. The weight gain was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), the average daily feed intake of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), the survival rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). Experiment two, the effect of fermentation bed culture mode on the immune function of cherry valley meat ducks was 1, the bursal index, and the test group was always higher than the control group, and the two groups of FSR. The index of cystic index gradually decreased with the increase of day age. The 21 day old bursal index test group was significantly different from the control group (P? 0.05). The difference between the 35,42 day age bursal index test group and the control group was very significant (P0.01); the spleen index, the experimental group was always higher than the control group, and the spleen index of the two groups gradually decreased with the increase of age, 21 days old. The difference between the spleen index test group and the control group was not significant (P 0.05), the 35 day old spleen index test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.05), the 42 day old spleen index test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.01); the thymus index, the experiment group raised meat ducks in the fermenting bed, was always higher than the control group, with the age of two increasing. The thymus index of meat ducks gradually decreased. The thymus index of meat ducks in the two groups was significantly different (P0.05). 2, the phagocytic ability of the macrophages was mainly phagocytic rate and phagocytosis index, 42 days old. The experiment group raised the peritoneal macrophage of meat ducks in the fermentation bed. The statistical results of the phagocytosis rate were very significant. Higher than the control group (P0.01), the phagocytic index was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), which proved that the fermentation bed culture mode could improve the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in meat ducks, and the transformation rate of T lymphocyte in the test group was always higher than that of the control group, and the difference of 14 days of age was not significant (P0.05), 21,28,35,42 day age, T lymphocyte in the test group. The transformation rate and the control group were significantly different (P0.01). The T lymphocyte transformation rate in the peripheral blood was in the increase state, and then decreased in the later period. 3, the number of IEL in the duodenum of meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. At the age of 21 days, the number of IEL in the meat ducks in the experiment group was higher than that of the control group, but the statistical difference was not significant. The statistical results of the number of IEL in the duodenum of meat ducks raised in the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01). The number of mast cells in the duodenum of meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. The number of duodenal mast cells in the meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. The number of duodenal mast cells of the ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group, and the number of mast cells in the meat ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group. The number of mast cells in the ducks was raised in the experimental group, and the quantity of the mast cells of the meat ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group. The results showed that the difference was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01). The number of duodenal goblet cells in meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. 21 days old, the number of goblet cells in meat ducks feeding meat ducks in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the analysis difference was not significant (P0.05); 35,42 days of age, the experiment group fermented. The number of duodenal goblet cells in the feeding ducks in the bed enclosure was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).4. The antibody level in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The test group reached the highest level at 28 days of age (21 days after the immune avian influenza vaccine), and the antibody in the control group reached 21 days of age (14 days after the immunization of the immune avian influenza vaccine). At the age of 28,35, the difference of antibody level between the two groups was very significant (P0.01), and the difference of other days was not significant. The results of the above experiment: the fermentation bed culture model effectively reduced the concentration of aerobic bacteria and ammonia in the air of the duck house, improved the environment of the duck house, promoted the weight gain of the duck, reduced the feed intake, the feed weight ratio, and raised the survival rate. Rate, improve the production performance of cherry valley meat ducks, promote the development of immune organs, improve the phagocytosis of macrophages and the transformation ability of T lymphocytes in the blood, promote the growth of immune related cells in intestinal mucosa, improve the level of avian influenza antibody, and reveal the culture mode of the fermentation bed, which can enhance the specific and non specific immunity of the duck group. The fermentation bed culture model can improve the breeding environment of cherry valley meat duck, improve its production performance and the immune ability of the body. It is of great significance to solve the problem of fecal pollution and raise the efficiency of the culture in the process of meat duck breeding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S834
本文編號：2173421
[Abstract]:The culture mode of fermented bed can improve the breeding environment of cherry valley meat duck, improve the production performance of meat ducks, improve the immune function of the body and so on. It is of great significance to improve the treatment of fecal pollution in the process of meat duck breeding. The production performance of duck was compared with the common net culture, and the difference of blood immune cells, intestinal immune cell immunity and immunization antibody level under different culture models revealed that the fermentation bed culture mode promoted the improvement of the culture environment of Cherry Valley duck, enhanced the immunity of the duck and improved the production performance of meat ducks, and was the cherry valley. The ideal breeding mode of meat duck was used to promote the application of the fermentation bed culture mode in meat duck breeding. It provided the theoretical basis and technical guidance. The experiment selected 300 Cherry Valley ducks 1 days old, divided into the test group and the control group two, each group 3 duplicated, each repeated 50 meat ducks, each group had 150 meat ducks, and the meat ducks grew to 10 days old, at the age of 10 days. According to the uniformity of the meat ducks, the test period was 42 days. The experimental group was the duck house of the fermenting bed and the basic feed was added with the micro ecological preparation. It was used now, the same day was used, the fermentation bed was adjusted 1-2 times a week. The control group was the duck house, the foundation feed and the feces treatment. The experimental results were as follows: Experiment 1, the effect of fermentation bed culture mode on cherry valley meat duck breeding environment was 1. The concentration of aerobic bacteria (bacteria, fungi) in the air of test group changed little and lower than that of the control group. The concentration of aerobic bacteria in the air and the concentration of aerobic fungi in the experimental group were in the early stage of growth (14-21). In the control group, the concentration of aerobic bacteria and the concentration of aerobic fungi increased with the age of age, and the concentration of ammonia in the test group remained unchanged, while the concentration of the ammonia gas in the control group increased gradually with the increase of the age of 35-42. The difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and ordinary enclosure was not significant (P0.05).21-28 days of age at the age of 14-21 days, and the difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and the ordinary enclosure was significant (P0.05).28-42 days of age, and the difference of ammonia concentration in the duck fermented bed and the ordinary enclosure was very significant (P0.05).2, the average day of the test group. The weight gain was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), the average daily feed intake of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), the survival rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). Experiment two, the effect of fermentation bed culture mode on the immune function of cherry valley meat ducks was 1, the bursal index, and the test group was always higher than the control group, and the two groups of FSR. The index of cystic index gradually decreased with the increase of day age. The 21 day old bursal index test group was significantly different from the control group (P? 0.05). The difference between the 35,42 day age bursal index test group and the control group was very significant (P0.01); the spleen index, the experimental group was always higher than the control group, and the spleen index of the two groups gradually decreased with the increase of age, 21 days old. The difference between the spleen index test group and the control group was not significant (P 0.05), the 35 day old spleen index test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.05), the 42 day old spleen index test group was significantly different from the control group (P0.01); the thymus index, the experiment group raised meat ducks in the fermenting bed, was always higher than the control group, with the age of two increasing. The thymus index of meat ducks gradually decreased. The thymus index of meat ducks in the two groups was significantly different (P0.05). 2, the phagocytic ability of the macrophages was mainly phagocytic rate and phagocytosis index, 42 days old. The experiment group raised the peritoneal macrophage of meat ducks in the fermentation bed. The statistical results of the phagocytosis rate were very significant. Higher than the control group (P0.01), the phagocytic index was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), which proved that the fermentation bed culture mode could improve the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in meat ducks, and the transformation rate of T lymphocyte in the test group was always higher than that of the control group, and the difference of 14 days of age was not significant (P0.05), 21,28,35,42 day age, T lymphocyte in the test group. The transformation rate and the control group were significantly different (P0.01). The T lymphocyte transformation rate in the peripheral blood was in the increase state, and then decreased in the later period. 3, the number of IEL in the duodenum of meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. At the age of 21 days, the number of IEL in the meat ducks in the experiment group was higher than that of the control group, but the statistical difference was not significant. The statistical results of the number of IEL in the duodenum of meat ducks raised in the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01). The number of mast cells in the duodenum of meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. The number of duodenal mast cells in the meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. The number of duodenal mast cells of the ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group, and the number of mast cells in the meat ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group. The number of mast cells in the ducks was raised in the experimental group, and the quantity of the mast cells of the meat ducks in the experimental group was raised in the experimental group. The results showed that the difference was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01). The number of duodenal goblet cells in meat ducks was always higher than that of the control group. 21 days old, the number of goblet cells in meat ducks feeding meat ducks in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the analysis difference was not significant (P0.05); 35,42 days of age, the experiment group fermented. The number of duodenal goblet cells in the feeding ducks in the bed enclosure was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).4. The antibody level in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The test group reached the highest level at 28 days of age (21 days after the immune avian influenza vaccine), and the antibody in the control group reached 21 days of age (14 days after the immunization of the immune avian influenza vaccine). At the age of 28,35, the difference of antibody level between the two groups was very significant (P0.01), and the difference of other days was not significant. The results of the above experiment: the fermentation bed culture model effectively reduced the concentration of aerobic bacteria and ammonia in the air of the duck house, improved the environment of the duck house, promoted the weight gain of the duck, reduced the feed intake, the feed weight ratio, and raised the survival rate. Rate, improve the production performance of cherry valley meat ducks, promote the development of immune organs, improve the phagocytosis of macrophages and the transformation ability of T lymphocytes in the blood, promote the growth of immune related cells in intestinal mucosa, improve the level of avian influenza antibody, and reveal the culture mode of the fermentation bed, which can enhance the specific and non specific immunity of the duck group. The fermentation bed culture model can improve the breeding environment of cherry valley meat duck, improve its production performance and the immune ability of the body. It is of great significance to solve the problem of fecal pollution and raise the efficiency of the culture in the process of meat duck breeding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S834
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條
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