【摘要】：筍殼是農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,產(chǎn)量巨大,是一種潛在的非常規(guī)飼料資源。本文針對(duì)筍殼飼料的資源化利用及其氰甙脫毒技術(shù)開展研究,為筍殼飼料的開發(fā)利用提供理論依據(jù)與實(shí)踐參考。對(duì)筍殼青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)調(diào)制及其營養(yǎng)價(jià)值進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明:與鮮筍殼相比,干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白與磷含量偏高,青貯筍殼含有豐富的干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白與礦物質(zhì)等營養(yǎng)成分,營養(yǎng)價(jià)值較高,是理想的青貯原料。相對(duì)于100%筍殼青貯發(fā)酵組的湖羊,10%麩皮與90%筍殼青貯發(fā)酵組的湖羊采食量多,增重較快,料重比下降,每公斤生長飼料成本降低1.61元。青貯筍殼的水分含量高,碳水化合物含量低,在進(jìn)行青貯調(diào)制時(shí)筍殼在水分、干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白與碳水化合物含量上可與麩皮、草粉相互補(bǔ)充。10%麩皮與90%筍殼組的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值與青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)優(yōu)于5%麩皮、5%草粉、90%筍殼組與100%筍殼組,達(dá)到優(yōu)質(zhì)青貯料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。筍殼中含有氰甙,對(duì)筍殼氰甙含量測定及不同脫毒方法進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,筍殼的氰甙含量平均為15.39 mg/kg;筍殼經(jīng)青貯、烘干和水煮等脫毒處理后,氰甙含量均降低。其中,青貯可降低氰甙含量84.78%以上,烘干60 min后可降低氰甙含量56.52%以上,水煮60 min后可降低氰甙含量97.86%。隨著處理時(shí)間的延長,筍殼經(jīng)烘干與水煮后氰甙含量逐漸下降,脫毒率逐漸升高。3種脫毒方法中,以水煮法的氰甙脫毒效果最明顯。對(duì)溫度、pH及飼料調(diào)制對(duì)筍殼氰甙含量的影響進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明:隨著溫度的升高,筍殼氰甙脫毒率逐漸增大,在75°C時(shí),筍殼氰甙脫毒率最大,可達(dá)51.27%;隨著pH值的降低,筍殼氰甙含量逐漸下降,pH 3.0時(shí),筍殼氰甙脫毒率可達(dá)46.45%,脫毒率最高,表明溫度為75°C,pH 3.0時(shí),筍殼的脫毒效果最明顯。加酶組青貯筍殼的氰甙脫毒率顯著高于不加酶組(P0.05),麩皮添加水平越高青貯筍殼氰甙脫毒率越大,當(dāng)麩皮添加到15%時(shí),筍殼青貯后氰甙脫毒率最大,表明在青貯筍殼中同時(shí)添加15%麩皮和纖維素酶氰甙脫毒效果最明顯。
[Abstract]:Bamboo shoot hulls are agricultural wastes with huge output and a potential unconventional feed resource. In this paper, the resource utilization and cyanogen detoxification technology of bamboo shoot shell feed were studied, which provided the theoretical basis and practical reference for the development and utilization of bamboo shoot shell feed. The fermentation quality modulation and nutritional value of bamboo shoot shell silage were studied. The results showed that the content of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus was higher than that of fresh bamboo shoot shell, and the silage shell contained rich nutrients, such as dry matter, crude protein and minerals, etc. The nutrition value is high, it is the ideal silage raw material. Compared with 10% wheat bran of Hu sheep and 90% bamboo shell silage fermentation group, Hu sheep had more feed intake, faster weight gain, lower feed weight ratio and 1.61 yuan lower feed cost per kilogram than those of 100% bamboo shoot shell silage group and 90% bamboo shell silage fermentation group. The water content of silage bamboo shoot shell is high, the content of carbohydrate is low, and the bamboo shoot shell can be compared with wheat bran in water, dry matter, crude protein and carbohydrate content. The nutritive value and fermentation quality of straw powder supplemented with 10% wheat bran and 90% bamboo shoot shell group were better than that of 5% wheat bran 5% straw powder group and 100% shoot shell group, which reached the standard of high quality silage. The content of cyanogen glycoside in the shell of bamboo shoot was determined and the different detoxification methods were studied. The results showed that the average content of cyanogen in the shell was 15.39 mg / kg, and the content of cyanin in the shell decreased after detoxification, such as silage, drying and boiling. The content of cyanoside was reduced by 84.78% after silage, 56.52% by drying for 60 min, and 97.86% by boiling for 60 min. With the extension of treatment time, the content of cyanogen glucoside in the bamboo shoot shell decreased gradually after drying and boiling, and the detoxification rate increased gradually among the 3 kinds of detoxification methods, and the effect of cyanogen glycoside detoxification by water boiling method was the most obvious. The effects of temperature pH and feed modulation on the content of cyanoside were studied. The results showed that the detoxification rate increased gradually with the increase of temperature. At 75 擄C, the detoxification rate reached 51.27%, and with the decrease of pH value, the detoxification rate was 51.27%. When the content of cyanoside decreased gradually and pH 3.0, the detoxification rate was 46.45%, which indicated that the detoxification effect of bamboo shoot shell was the most obvious when the temperature was 75 擄C ~ (-1) pH 3.0. The detoxification rate of cyanoside in the silage shell of the enzyme group was significantly higher than that in the non-enzyme group (P0.05). The higher the level of wheat bran was, the greater the detoxification rate of the silage shell was. When the wheat bran was added to 15%, the detoxification rate of cyanoside was the highest after silage. The results showed that the detoxification effect of 15% wheat bran and cellulase cyanide was the most obvious in the silage shell.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S816

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