本文選題：牛 + 體溫��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：體溫與活動量是評價家畜健康狀況與生理狀態(tài)的重要指標(biāo),在奶牛發(fā)情鑒定自動化發(fā)展中具有巨大的研發(fā)潛能,對奶牛繁殖效率提升具有重要意義。然而,目前只有活動量實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動化采集,體溫自動化采集仍在探索中。本研究基于ZigBee無線通信技術(shù)研發(fā)了一套牛體溫與活動量自動檢測系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)主要包括數(shù)據(jù)檢測終端、數(shù)據(jù)采集器、上位機(jī)系統(tǒng)三部分。數(shù)據(jù)檢測終端定時檢測牛體溫、實(shí)時累計活動量數(shù)據(jù),并將數(shù)據(jù)儲存、發(fā)送至數(shù)據(jù)采集器,由數(shù)據(jù)采集器再發(fā)送給上位機(jī)系統(tǒng);數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)上位機(jī)軟件分析、加工后顯示呈現(xiàn)給用戶,并可根據(jù)分析結(jié)果自動進(jìn)行必要的工作預(yù)警。為探究體表溫度與直腸溫度的關(guān)系,使用該系統(tǒng)分別在冬、夏、秋三個季節(jié)每隔30 min檢測一次牛后肢跖部體表溫度,每個季節(jié)連續(xù)測溫3 d,同時,使用水銀體溫計每隔2 h手動檢測直腸溫度。將時間點(diǎn)與季節(jié)作為固定效應(yīng),建立了體表溫度對直腸溫度擬合的混合線性模型,并使用10-折交叉驗(yàn)證法驗(yàn)證該模型預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,不同季節(jié)與時間點(diǎn)體表溫度差異均顯著(P0.05),不同時間點(diǎn)直腸溫度差異也顯著(P0.05)。將時間點(diǎn)與季節(jié)作為固定效應(yīng)的混合線性模型相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.562。使用10-折交叉驗(yàn)證法驗(yàn)證模型預(yù)測準(zhǔn)確性的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.644,預(yù)測直腸溫度與實(shí)測直腸溫度平均差異0.10±0.10°C,表明該系統(tǒng)可用于檢測牛體表溫度并預(yù)測直腸溫度,初步建立了牛體溫自動化檢測的方法。為提高發(fā)情鑒定效率,試驗(yàn)一檢測了牛發(fā)情前后及排卵前后活動量與陰道黏液電阻值(以下簡稱電阻值)變化,實(shí)驗(yàn)二檢測了發(fā)情前后及排卵前后陰道溫度與活動量變化。試驗(yàn)一發(fā)現(xiàn),間情期電阻值(300±12Ω)顯著高于發(fā)情期(P0.05),發(fā)情開始前4 h電阻值迅速下降,到發(fā)情后8~12 h下降至最低(220±27Ω),隨后逐漸回升,至排卵結(jié)束恢復(fù)至間情期水平;間情期�；顒恿枯^低,發(fā)情后活動量激增,平均增加10.8±7.0倍,發(fā)情結(jié)束后恢復(fù)正常。發(fā)情持續(xù)時間、開始發(fā)情到排卵時間與發(fā)情結(jié)束到排卵時間分別為15.6±2.8 h、26.8±4.2 h與11.3±4.3 h;電阻最低值至排卵時間為15.0±1.3h。試驗(yàn)二顯示,發(fā)情期活動量與陰道溫度同步變化,并顯著高于間情期(P0.05)。發(fā)情開始后8.5h與6.5h左右活動量與陰道溫度分別增至最大值(768.5±675.8與38.91±0.37℃);峰值過后,二參數(shù)逐漸降低,發(fā)情結(jié)束后恢復(fù)至正常值�；顒恿科骄�24.1±23.1倍,陰道溫度平均增加0.69±0.21℃,最高可達(dá)1.3℃。相同參數(shù)下西門塔爾牛發(fā)情持續(xù)時間、發(fā)情開始到排卵時間均顯著短于和雜牛(P0.05)。發(fā)情排卵伴隨的活動量與陰道黏液電阻值及陰道溫度變化規(guī)律的揭示,對準(zhǔn)確發(fā)情鑒定與適時輸精具有重要指導(dǎo)意義,各指標(biāo)兩兩結(jié)合大大提高了發(fā)情鑒定效率及排卵時間預(yù)測準(zhǔn)確性,具有重要的自動化發(fā)情監(jiān)測及排卵預(yù)測技術(shù)研發(fā)價值。
[Abstract]:Body temperature and activity is an important index to evaluate the health and physiological status of domestic animals. It has a great potential of research and development in the automatic development of estrus identification of dairy cows. It is of great significance to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. However, at present, only the automatic collection of activity has been realized, and the automatic collection of body temperature is still under exploration. Based on ZigBee wireless communication technology, an automatic measurement system for bovine body temperature and activity is developed in this paper. The system consists of three parts: data detection terminal, data collector and upper computer system. The data detection terminal regularly detects bovine body temperature, accumulates the data of activity in real time, stores the data and sends it to the data collector, and then sends the data to the upper computer system, and the data is analyzed by the software of the upper computer. After processing, the display is presented to the user, and the necessary work warning can be automatically carried out according to the analysis results. In order to investigate the relationship between body surface temperature and rectal temperature, the system was used to detect the body surface temperature of hind limbs and metatarsus of cattle every 30 min in winter, summer and autumn, and the temperature was measured continuously for 3 days in each season. Rectal temperature was manually measured by mercury thermometer every 2 hours. Taking time point and season as fixed effects, a mixed linear model of body surface temperature fitting to rectal temperature was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by 10 fold cross validation method. The statistical results showed that the difference of body surface temperature in different seasons and time points was significant, and the rectal temperature difference at different time points was also significant (P 0.05). The correlation coefficient of mixed linear model with time point and season as fixed effect is 0. 562. The correlation coefficient of the prediction accuracy of the model was 0.644, and the average difference between the predicted rectal temperature and the measured rectal temperature was 0.10 鹵0.10 擄C, which indicated that the system could be used to detect bovine body surface temperature and predict rectal temperature. A method for automatic detection of bovine body temperature was established. In order to improve the efficiency of estrus identification, the changes of activity and vaginal mucus resistance (hereinafter referred to as resistance) before and after estrus and ovulation were measured in experiment 1, and the changes of vagina temperature and activity before and after ovulatory were detected in experiment 2. The results of experiment 1 showed that the resistance value during estrus (300 鹵12 惟) was significantly higher than that in estrus (P0.05). The resistance value decreased rapidly 4 h before estrus began, then decreased to the lowest level (220 鹵27 惟) at 812 h after estrus, and then gradually increased to the level of interoestrus at the end of ovulation. During the period of interoestrus, the amount of activity increased 10.8 鹵7.0 times and returned to normal at the end of estrus. The duration of estrus, the time from the beginning of estrus to ovulation and from the end of estrus to ovulation were 15.6 鹵2.8 h, 26.8 鹵4.2 h and 11.3 鹵4.3 h, respectively, and the lowest resistance to ovulation time was 15.0 鹵1.3 h. Experiment 2 showed that the amount of activity in estrus changed synchronously with the temperature of vagina, and it was significantly higher than that in interoestrous period (P0.05). The activity and vagina temperature increased to the maximum values of 768.5 鹵675.8 and 38.91 鹵0.37 鈩，

本文編號：2041039