本文選題：六價鉻 + 亞硒酸鈉��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大量攝入六價鉻能促使機(jī)體產(chǎn)生癌細(xì)胞,并引發(fā)肝毒性、脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂、腸系膜淋巴結(jié)病變等影響。早在2007至2011年期間,美國疾控中心就將鉻元素列為優(yōu)先檢測物質(zhì),但由于人類不規(guī)范的生產(chǎn)活動,個體仍可通過食品、飲水、日用品等多種途徑攝入六價鉻。有研究表明,硒能通過復(fù)雜的相互作用與重金屬結(jié)合來減緩金屬毒性,但硒與六價鉻的相互影響目前研究還很少,本實驗?zāi)康脑谟谔剿魑鴮α鶅r鉻在雞腦組織中的影響,并從而確定緩解雞腦毒性作用的最適添加劑量。本試驗首先對海蘭褐公雞進(jìn)行了急性攻毒實驗,通過測定半數(shù)致死量(LD_(50))確定攻毒劑量為6%LD_(50)。隨后將105只1日齡的海蘭褐雞隨機(jī)分為七組進(jìn)行試驗,分別為對照組、六價鉻中毒組(6%LD_(50)K_2Cr_2O_7)和硒添加組(0.31、0.63、1.25、2.50、5.00mg/kg Na_2SeO_3+6%LD_(50)K_2Cr_2O_7)。每組15只雞,分別在14天、28天和42天采樣,對實驗雞進(jìn)行稱重、并按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法處死,取其腦組織稱重,一部分用于制備病理切片,另一部分用于各種指標(biāo)的檢測分析。通過測定腦體比、SOD、MDA、GSH、Ca~(2+)-ATPase和MMP水平來闡述硒與六價鉻對雞腦的影響。結(jié)果顯示,5.00 mg/kg硒添加組的腦體比和SOD水平顯著高于同期其它試驗組及攻毒組,并隨時間延長而使腦體比下降。中毒組的GSH水平明顯低于對照組,硒的添加有效恢復(fù)GSH水平,并在1.25 mg/kg硒添加組中達(dá)到最高,但隨硒含量增加腦內(nèi)GSH水平又明顯下降。MDA水平在中毒組中最高,在0.63 mg/kg硒添加組中達(dá)到最低,而在5.00 mg/kg硒添加組中的GSH和MDA水平與中毒組相比均無明顯差異。Ca~(2+)-ATPase酶主要存在于線粒體內(nèi)腔、肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)囊腔,在本次試驗中攻毒組、解毒試驗組Ca~(2+)-ATPase水平都顯著低于對照組,硒的添加在一定程度上恢復(fù)Ca~(2+)-ATPase水平,其中0.63 mg/kg硒添加組效果最佳,但硒劑量過高時則會導(dǎo)致Ca~(2+)-ATPase水平降低,2.50和5.00 mg/kg硒添加組中的Ca~(2+)-ATPase水平顯著低于中毒組。線粒體活性測定結(jié)果與Ca~(2+)-ATPase酶測定結(jié)果相吻合,中毒組MMP水平明顯低于對照組,硒含量增多能明顯恢復(fù)MMP水平,并在0.63 mg/kg硒添加組中效果最好,但隨硒含量增加而下降,5.00 mg/kg硒添加組MMP水平可達(dá)到中毒組MMP水平。病理組織學(xué)檢測結(jié)果顯示,0.63 mg/kg硒添加組對大小腦的空泡化神經(jīng)元和毛細(xì)血管、小血管水腫有明顯恢復(fù)作用,浦肯野細(xì)胞核裂解減少,在一定程度上保護(hù)了浦肯野細(xì)胞層,避免由六價鉻引起的浦肯野細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少和空泡化。上述結(jié)果表明,硒的添加有利于緩解由六價鉻引起的雞腦組織的氧化應(yīng)激,但硒的過量添加則會增加六價鉻對腦組織的毒性,起到協(xié)同毒性作用。
[Abstract]:A large amount of chromium hexavalent can promote the production of cancer cells and lead to hepatotoxicity, lipid metabolism disorder, mesenteric lymph node lesions and other effects. As early as from 2007 to 2011, the CDC of the United States listed chromium as a priority substance, but due to human non-standard production activities, individuals can still take in hexavalent chromium through food, drinking water, daily necessities and other channels. Some studies have shown that selenium can attenuate metal toxicity through complex interactions with heavy metals, but the interaction between selenium and hexavalent chromium is rarely studied. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of selenium on hexavalent chromium in chicken brain. The optimum dosage of additives for alleviating the brain toxicity of chicken was determined. In this experiment, an acute drug attack test was carried out on the Hailan Brown Rooster, and the dose was determined to be 6LDD / L ~ (50) by determining the lethal dose (LD50) of Hailan Brown Rooster (Hailan Brown Rooster). After that, 105 1-day-old Hailan brown chickens were randomly divided into seven groups: control group (control group) and selenium supplementation group (0.31 ~ (0.631) 0.252.50mg / kg Na2SeO3 / kg Na2SeO36 LD50 / kg Na2SeO3 / kg group. 15 chickens in each group were sampled at 14 days for 28 days and 42 days respectively. The chickens were weighed and killed according to the standard method. One part of the brain tissue was taken for the preparation of pathological sections and the other part was used for the detection and analysis of various indexes. The effects of selenium and hexavalent chromium on the chicken brain were studied by measuring the levels of SODX / MDAA GSH / Cam ~ (2 +) -ATPase and MMP. The results showed that the ratio of brain to body and the level of sod in the 5. 00 mg/kg selenium added group were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups and drug attack groups in the same period, and the ratio of brain to body was decreased with the prolongation of time. The level of GSH in the poisoning group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the level of GSH was recovered effectively by adding selenium, and reached the highest level in the group supplemented with 1. 25 mg/kg selenium. However, with the increase of selenium content, the level of GSH in the brain decreased significantly. The level of GSH in the brain was the highest in the poisoning group. The level of GSH and malondialdehyde (mg/kg) was the lowest in the 0.63 mg/kg se supplemented group, but there was no significant difference in GSH and MDA levels between the 5. 00 mg/kg se added group and the poisoning group. The enzyme mainly existed in the mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum sac. In this experiment, the level of GSH and MDA in the poisoning group was not significantly different from that in the poisoning group. In the detoxification test group, the level of Caanzao 2 + -ATPase was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the selenium supplementation had the best effect in some extent, especially in the 0. 63 mg/kg se added group. However, when the dosage of selenium was too high, the level of Caanzao 2 + -ATPase was significantly lower in the 2. 50 and 5. 00 mg/kg se added groups than in the poisoned group. The results of mitochondrial activity were in agreement with the results of Cajian2 + -ATPase enzyme assay. The level of MMP in the poisoned group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the increase of selenium content could significantly restore the level of MMP, and the effect was the best in the 0. 63 mg/kg se added group. However, with the increase of selenium content, the level of MMP in 5.00 mg/kg selenium supplementation group could reach the level of toxic group. The histopathological results showed that the 0. 63 mg/kg selenium supplementation group could significantly recover the vacuolated neurons and capillaries and the edema of small blood vessels in the brain, and the cleavage of Purkinje nucleus decreased, and the cell layer of Purkinje was protected to a certain extent. Avoid reduced number and vacuolation of Purkinje cells caused by hexavalent chromium. The results showed that the addition of selenium was beneficial to alleviate the oxidative stress in chicken brain tissue induced by hexavalent chromium, but the excessive addition of selenium could increase the toxicity of hexavalent chromium to brain tissue and play a synergistic effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.31

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