本文選題：混播草地 + 旱作��； 參考：《內蒙古農業(yè)大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：內蒙古呼和浩特地區(qū)奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展加大了對高產優(yōu)質飼草飼料的需求量,飼草供求矛盾突出。本研究于2011年在呼和浩特市和林格爾縣公喇嘛鎮(zhèn)哈拉沁村建植了苜蓿與禾本科牧草的混播草地及各種牧草的單播草地,通過系統(tǒng)觀測旱作條件下草地的生長狀況和不同刈割頻次、留茬高度和刈割時期的群落,分析了草地隨著建植年限的群落特征變化、組分變化和種間關系以及在不同刈割處理下的變化規(guī)律,揭示各類草地的生產潛力和適宜的刈割利用方法,探究苜�；觳ゲ莸氐娜郝鋭討B(tài)和生產力維持機制,結合綜合評價分析方法,提出適宜的苜蓿混播草地組合及其刈割管理制度,為呼和浩特地區(qū)的飼草產業(yè)發(fā)展提供支撐。主要研究結果如下:草地建植初期,老芒麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸禺a草量明顯高于單播老芒麥、單播草地雀麥和單播苜蓿草地(P0.05),草地雀麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸卦诮ㄖ驳�2年的產量較低,到第4年其產量顯著高于老芒麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸睾腿N單播草地(P0.05)。隨著草地建植年限的增加,混播草地和單播苜蓿草地產量逐年顯著增長(P0.05),而單播老芒麥和單播草地雀麥的產量顯著降低(P0.05)。苜蓿、老芒麥和草地雀麥在混播條件下的產量和植株高度均高于各自的單播(P0.05),但老芒麥和草地雀麥的營養(yǎng)價值低于單播草地(P0.05)。隨著草地建植年限的增加,混播群落中苜蓿的產量組分比和重要值明顯增加(P0.05),在群落中占據(jù)主要地位,而老芒麥和草地雀麥的組分比和重要值逐年降低(P0.05)。低留茬(0~3cm)或高頻次(3~4次/年)刈割時草地雀麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸氐漠a量與單播苜蓿之間無差異(P0.05),老芒麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸氐漠a量顯著低于單播苜蓿草地(P0.05)。一年2次刈割有利于各草地產量的提高,但隨著刈割頻次的增加草地產量顯著降低(P0.05)。齊地(0cm留茬)刈割顯著增加苜蓿的再生速率和年總產量(P0.05),但顯著降低老芒麥和草地雀麥的再生能力(P0.05);而7~10cm留茬有利于老芒麥和草地雀麥的再生,降低苜蓿的再生草產量。苜蓿盛花期刈割時兩種混播草地和單播苜蓿草地的產量高于單播老芒麥和單播草地雀麥(P0.05),混播草地中苜蓿的產量組分比和重要值隨著刈割時期的推遲而明顯增加(P0.05),老芒麥和草地雀麥的組分比和重要值明顯降低(P0.05)。綜合評價結果表明,草地雀麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸氐木C合生產性能最佳,單播苜蓿草地次之,老芒麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸氐陀趩尾ボ俎�,但優(yōu)于單播老芒麥和單播草地雀麥。而且,草地雀麥+苜�；觳ト郝涞母鹘M分相對穩(wěn)定于老芒麥+苜蓿混播草地。兩種混播草地的適宜的刈割時期均為苜蓿盛花期,刈割頻次以2次/年最佳,老芒麥+苜�；觳ゲ莸亓舨�7cm時產量和穩(wěn)定性最好,草地雀麥+苜蓿草地留茬5cm為宜。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of dairy cattle breeding in Hohhot area of Inner Mongolia increased the demand for high yield and high quality forage feed and the contradiction between supply and demand of forage grass was prominent. In this study, the mixed grassland of alfalfa and gramineous forage and the unicast grassland of all kinds of forage were established in Haraqin Village, Gongla Town, Helinger County, Hohhot City in 2011. Based on the systematic observation of grassland growth status, cutting frequency, stubble height and cutting period community under dry cropping condition, the community characteristics of grassland with planting years were analyzed. The variation of composition and species, as well as the law of variation under different cutting treatments, revealed the productive potential and suitable cutting methods of all kinds of grassland, and explored the community dynamics and productivity maintenance mechanism of alfalfa mixed grassland. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation and analysis method, the suitable combination of alfalfa mixed sowing grassland and its cutting management system were put forward, which provided the support for the development of forage industry in Hohhot area. The main results were as follows: in the early stage of grassland establishment, the grass yield of alfalfa mixed seeding was significantly higher than that of single seeded Laomangmai, and the yield of single seeded and unicast alfalfa was lower in the second year. In the fourth year, the yield was significantly higher than that of the mixed alfalfa and three monoculture grassland (P0.05N). With the increase of grassland planting years, the yield of mixed grassland and monoculture alfalfa field increased significantly year by year, while the yield of single seeded Laomangwheat and single seeded grass bromegrass decreased significantly (P0.05). Under mixed sowing, the yield and plant height of alfalfa, Laowangwheat and grass bromegrass were higher than that of their monoculture (P0.05N), but the nutritional value of Laomangmao and Laomao was lower than that of P0.05in monoculture. With the increase of the planting years of grassland, the yield component ratio and important value of alfalfa in mixed planting community increased obviously, and occupied the main position in the community, while the component ratio and important value of Laomangmao and bromegrass decreased year by year. There was no difference between the yield of mixed alfalfa grassland and monoculture alfalfa, but the yield of Laomangmao alfalfa mixed grassland was significantly lower than that of monocerne field P0.05. when the low stubble was 0 ~ 3 cm) or high frequency ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ (-1) / a), the yield of mixed alfalfa grassland was significantly lower than that of monoculture alfalfa field. Cutting twice a year was beneficial to the increase of grassland yield, but with the increase of cutting frequency, grassland yield decreased significantly (P 0.05). Mowing significantly increased the regeneration rate and annual total yield of alfalfa, but significantly decreased the regeneration ability of Laomangwheat and grass bromegrass, while 7~10cm stubble was beneficial to the regeneration of Laomangwheat and grass bromegrass, and decreased the yield of regenerated alfalfa. The yield of two mixed alfalfa meadows and monoculture alfalfa meadows was higher than that of single seeded Laomao wheat and single seeded bromegrass (P0.05) during cutting in full flowering stage of alfalfa. The yield component ratio and important value of alfalfa in mixed sowing grassland increased obviously with the delay of cutting time. The composition ratio and the important value of P0. 05 and P0. 05% were decreased obviously. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the comprehensive production performance of mixed alfalfa grassland was the best, followed by single-seeded alfalfa grassland, and Laomangwheat alfalfa mixed grassland was lower than monoculture alfalfa, but superior to single seeded Laomangwheat and unicast grass brome. In addition, the composition of mixed alfalfa community in Laomangmao alfalfa was relatively stable than that in Laowangmao alfalfa. The optimum cutting time of the two mixed grassland was the flowering stage of alfalfa, the best frequency of cutting was 2 times per year, the yield and stability of alfalfa mixed cropping grassland was the best when stubble 7cm was retained, and the best 5cm was suitable in alfalfa field.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812
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本文編號：1977249