本文選題：京海黃雞 + FSHβ基因��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)育種方法在家禽的很多重要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀中取得了巨大的進(jìn)展,但耗時耗力。近些年來,在家禽育種中采用了分子生物技術(shù),候選基因法是一種較常用的方法,以期找到與經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀變異相關(guān)的數(shù)量性狀座位(quantitative trait locus, QTL)。作為重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀,體重和繁殖性狀都是由繁雜的遺傳和環(huán)境因素控制,所以研究家禽生長和繁殖的分子機(jī)制,可用于選擇家禽重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀。本研究采用PCR-SSCP技術(shù)檢測京海黃雞促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)β亞基基因及其受體(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR)基因的多態(tài)性,并研究SNPs與生產(chǎn)性狀的關(guān)系；使用RQ-PCR法研究京海黃雞FSHβ和FSHR基因的表達(dá)譜及表達(dá)規(guī)律。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.檢測FSHβ基因的全部外顯子,分析其單核苷酸多態(tài)性。結(jié)果顯示FSHβ基因僅外顯子3存在多態(tài)性,其中相鄰的C2049T和A2050T突變,形成AA、AB和BB 3種基因型；T2341C突變形成CC、CD和DD 3種基因型；A2467C突變形成EE、EF和FF 3種基因型。關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果顯示12周齡體重AB基因型顯著高于BB基因型(P0.05)、EF基因型顯著高于EE基因型(P0.05)；2周齡體重CC基因型極顯著高于CD基因型(P0.01)；并且以上突變對繁殖性狀無顯著影響。因而可知,在生長性狀方面,AB、CC和EF基因型為京海黃雞的優(yōu)勢基因型,可初步推斷FSHβ基因?qū)┖｜S雞的生長有一定的促進(jìn)作用。2.檢測FSHR基因的外顯子1和10,分析其單核苷酸多態(tài)性。結(jié)果顯示FSHR基因外顯子1處存在C159T突變,形成AA、AB和BB三種基因型；FSHR基因外顯子10處存在C75429T的點(diǎn)突變,形成三種基因型CC、CD和DD。關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果顯示京海黃雞2周齡體重AB基因型極顯著高于BB基因型(P0.01)、AA基因型顯著高于BB基因型(P0.05)；6周齡體重AA和AB基因型都顯著高于BB基因型(P0.05)、CD基因型顯著高于CC基因型(P0.05)；開產(chǎn)日齡CC和CD基因型顯著早于DD基因型(P0.05)；300日齡產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)AB基因型顯著高于AA基因型(P0.05)；其余差異不顯著。3.對京海黃雞FSHβ基因在不同生長階段和組織中的表達(dá)規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果顯示FSHβ基因在不同組織中均有一定的表達(dá)量,其中性腺和垂體的表達(dá)水平最高,在0-20周齡,FSHβ基因nRNA表達(dá)豐度在20周。FSHβ基因在公母雞上的表達(dá)趨勢是一樣的,在垂體中初生時相對表達(dá)量幾乎為零,到4周齡有小幅度上升的趨勢,從4周齡到16周齡表達(dá)量有很大的提高,母雞20周齡達(dá)到最高,即從4周齡到20周齡FSHβ基因的表達(dá)呈直線上升。在卵巢中初生時有少量表達(dá),然后到4周齡降到最低之后趨于穩(wěn)定。另外,4周齡和16周齡時FSHβ基因在母雞性腺和垂體中的相對表達(dá)量均高于公雞。4.對京海黃雞FSHR基因在不同生長階段和組織中的表達(dá)規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果顯示FSHR基因在性腺表達(dá)量最高,表達(dá)豐度在初生時。在0-20周齡,FSHR基因在卵巢和睪丸中的表達(dá),在4周齡、16周齡時都有分別下降的趨勢,20周齡母雞卵巢中FSHR基因表達(dá)量較16周齡有略微的上升,隨著日齡的增長而降低。在垂體上,0-20周齡中,FSHR基因在京海黃雞上的表達(dá)緩慢平穩(wěn)的有小幅度的上升,相對來說,同一時期的公母雞垂體中FSHR基因的表達(dá)量相仿,母雞卵巢的表達(dá)量稍高于公雞睪丸中的表達(dá)量。
[Abstract]:The traditional breeding method has made great progress in many important economic traits of poultry, but time consuming. In recent years, molecular biotechnology is used in poultry breeding. Candidate gene method is a more common method to find quantitative trait locus (QTL), which is related to the variation of economic traits. Important economic traits, weight and reproductive traits are controlled by complex genetic and environmental factors, so the molecular mechanism of poultry growth and reproduction can be used to select important economic traits in poultry. This study uses PCR-SSCP technology to detect the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit gene and its subunit gene in Beijing The polymorphism of the receptor (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR) gene and the relationship between SNPs and production traits were studied. The expression and expression patterns of FSH beta and FSHR genes in Jinghai yellow chicken were studied by RQ-PCR method. The main results were as follows: 1. the whole exons of the FSH beta gene were detected and the single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. The results showed FS. The H beta gene only exon 3 existed polymorphism, in which the adjacent C2049T and A2050T mutations formed the 3 genotypes of AA, AB and BB; T2341C mutation formed CC, CD and DD 3 genotypes; A2467C mutation formed EE, EE, and 3 genotypes. The correlation analysis showed that the genotype of 12 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of the genotype. EE genotype (P0.05); the 2 week old weight CC genotype was significantly higher than the CD genotype (P0.01), and the above mutation had no significant effect on the reproductive traits. Therefore, the AB, CC and EF genotypes were the dominant genotypes in the growth traits. The FSH beta gene could be preliminarily concluded that the FSH beta gene could promote the growth of Jinghai yellow chicken by.2.. The exons 1 and 10 of the FSHR gene were measured, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. The results showed that there was a C159T mutation in the exon 1 of the FSHR gene, forming three genotypes of AA, AB and BB; 10 of the exons of the FSHR gene had a point mutation of C75429T, forming three genotypes CC, CD and DD. correlation analysis showed that the 2 week age weight AB genotypes of Jinghai yellow chicken were extremely significant. Higher than BB genotype (P0.01), AA genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P0.05). The 6 week old weight AA and AB genotypes were significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P0.05), and CD genotypes were significantly higher than CC genotype (P0.05). The other differences were not significant.3. on the expression of FSH beta gene in the different growth stages and tissues of Jinghai yellow chicken. The results showed that the expression of FSH beta gene in different tissues had certain expression, the expression level of gonadal and pituitary was the highest, and the expression of FSH beta gene nRNA expression was 20 weeks on the male hen at the age of 0-20 weeks. The expression trend is the same. The relative expression amount is almost zero at the beginning of the pituitary, and there is a small increase in the age of 4 weeks. The expression amount from 4 weeks to 16 weeks old is greatly increased, and the 20 week age of the hen reaches the highest, that is, the expression of FSH beta gene from 4 weeks to 20 weeks is up in a straight line. In the ovary, a small amount of expression is found in the ovary and then 4. In addition, the relative expression of FSH beta gene in the sex glands and pituitary of hens at 4 weeks and 16 weeks old was higher than that of the rooster.4.. The expression of FSHR gene in the different growth stages and tissues of the Beijing yellow chicken was studied. The results showed that the expression of FSHR gene in the sex gland was the highest and the expression abundance was at the beginning of birth. At the age of 0-20 weeks, the expression of FSHR gene in the ovary and testis was decreased at the age of 4 weeks and at the age of 16 weeks. The expression of FSHR gene in the ovary of the 20 week old hen was slightly higher than that at the age of 16 weeks. In the pituitary, the expression of the FSHR gene on the Beijing yellow chicken was slow and smooth. On the other hand, the expression of FSHR gene in the pituitary gland of hens was similar to that in the same period. The expression level of hen's ovaries was slightly higher than that of cock's testis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831

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