本文選題：牦牛 + DGAT基因��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)》2017年16期

【摘要】：【目的】檢測牦牛DGAT1基因多態(tài)性,評估基因突變對牦牛乳品質(zhì)性狀的影響,以期豐富牦牛重要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的分子遺傳研究基礎(chǔ)�！痉椒ā坎捎肞CR-SSCP方法,檢測甘南牦牛、天祝白牦牛、青海牦牛及野血牦牛DGAT1基因intron5-exon7和intron15-exon17區(qū)突變,分析基因突變對乳品質(zhì)性狀的影響�！窘Y(jié)果】牦牛DGAT1基因intron5-exon7區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)c.562+32_c.562+33ins CCGCCC的插入/缺失,等位基因M、基因型MM頻率最高為優(yōu)勢等位基因和基因型,各類群牦牛PIC0.5屬中度或低度多態(tài);intron15-exon17區(qū)檢測到c.1249-23CT和c.1336CT的突變,其中exon17發(fā)現(xiàn)的c.1336CT突變導(dǎo)致編碼氨基酸p.Arg447Cys轉(zhuǎn)變,等位基因A頻率最高為優(yōu)勢等位基因,甘南牦牛、天祝白牦牛和青海牦牛中基因型AA為優(yōu)勢基因型,野血牦�；蛐虯B為優(yōu)勢基因型,各類群牦牛0.25PIC0.5屬中度多態(tài);兩區(qū)域3處突變位點構(gòu)建出6種單倍型和11種單倍型組合,突變位點間存在連鎖關(guān)系且接近于連鎖平衡。關(guān)聯(lián)分析表明,甘南牦牛intron5-exon7區(qū)基因型與乳質(zhì)性狀無顯著相關(guān);intron15-exon17區(qū)基因型BB個體乳品質(zhì)性狀最低,且乳蛋白率、乳脂率、總固體物質(zhì)含量中顯著低于其他基因型個體(P0.05);攜帶等位基因A的個體乳蛋白率、乳脂率、總固體物質(zhì)含量及無脂固體含量顯著高于未攜帶者(P0.05),攜帶等位基因C的個體乳脂率也顯著高于未攜帶者(P0.05),而攜帶等位基因B的個體乳脂率、總固體物質(zhì)含量顯著低于未攜帶者(P0.05);單倍型組合H1H3個體的乳蛋白率、乳脂率、總固體物質(zhì)含量和無脂固體物質(zhì)含量均較高,且乳脂率及總固體物質(zhì)含量顯著高于其他單倍型組合(P0.05),而H2H2單倍型組合個體則較低,除乳糖率以外的其他乳品質(zhì)性狀均顯著低于其他7種單倍型組合(P0.05)�！窘Y(jié)論】牦牛DGAT1基因intron5-exon7和intron15-exon17區(qū)為低度和中度多態(tài),intron6存在c.562+32_c.562+33ins CCGCCC的插入/缺失,intron15和exon17分別檢測到c.1249-23CT突變和c.1336CT的非同義突變。intron15-exon17區(qū)突變影響甘南牦牛乳品質(zhì)性狀,選留攜帶等位基因A的個體和淘汰攜帶等位基因B的個體、或選留H1H3單倍型組合及淘汰H2H2單倍型組合個體,均可顯著改善后代群體的乳品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:[objective] to detect the polymorphism of yak DGAT1 gene and evaluate the effect of gene mutation on milk quality traits of yak, in order to enrich the molecular genetic basis of important economic traits of yak. [methods] PCR-SSCP method was used to detect Gannan Yak. The intron5-exon7 and intron15-exon17 region mutations of DGAT1 gene in Tianzhu white yak, Qinghai yak and wild blood yak were analyzed. [results] the insertion / deletion of c. 562 32_c.562 33ins CCGCCC was found in intron5-exon7 region of DGAT1 gene of yak. The highest frequency of alleles (M) and genotype (MM) were dominant alleles and genotypes. The mutations of c.1249-23CT and c.1336CT were detected in the middle or low degree polymorphism intron 15-exon17 region of PIC0.5, and the c.1336CT mutation detected by exon17 resulted in the transformation of amino acid p.Arg447Cys. The highest allele A frequency was the dominant allele, the genotype AA was the dominant genotype in Gannan yak, Tianzhu white yak and Qinghai yak, the wild blood yak genotype AB was the dominant genotype, and the 0.25PIC0.5 was moderately polymorphic. Six haplotypes and 11 haplotypes were constructed at 3 mutation sites in the two regions. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between genotype of intron5-exon7 region and milk quality traits of Gannan Yak. BB genotype of intron 15-exon 17 region had the lowest milk quality traits, and milk protein rate and milk fat rate were the lowest. The percentage of milk protein and milk fat of individuals with allele A was significantly lower than that of other genotypes. The content of total solids and lipid free solids was significantly higher than that of non-carriers, and the milk fat rate of individuals carrying allele C was significantly higher than that of non-carriers, while the rate of milk fat of individuals carrying allele B was significantly higher than that of individuals with allele B. The percentage of milk protein, milk fat, total solid matter and lipid free solid matter in haplotype combination H1H3 were higher than those in non-carrier group. The milk fat percentage and total solid matter content were significantly higher than those of other haplotype combinations (P 0.05), while those of H2H2 haplotype combinations were lower than those of other haplotype combinations. The milk quality traits except lactose rate were significantly lower than those of the other 7 haplotypes. [conclusion] the intron5-exon7 and intron15-exon17 regions of the DGAT1 gene of yak were low and moderate polymorphic intron6, and the insertion / deletion of c 562 32_c.562 33ins CCGCCC intron15 and exon17 were detected respectively. The non-synonymous mutation of c.1249-23CT and c.1336CT. Intron 15-exon 17 mutation affected milk quality traits of Gannan Yak. Selection of individuals carrying allele A and those with allele B, or H1H3 haplotypes and H2H2 haplotypes, could significantly improve the milk quality of progeny populations.
【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院/甘肅省草食動物生物技術(shù)重點實驗室;甘南州畜牧科學(xué)研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(31160451) 甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用開發(fā)項目(GNSW-2013-9及GNSW-2016-29) 甘肅省杰出青年科學(xué)基金(1210RJDA008)
【分類號】：S823.85

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