本文選題：雙峰駝 + 海馬發(fā)育��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：雙峰駝是一種生活在戈壁、荒漠和半荒漠地區(qū)的大型哺乳動物,其嗅覺靈敏并且有很好的方向感。雙峰駝這種對方向強烈的辨識和認知特性與它在生長發(fā)育過程中學習記憶的形成密切相關(guān)。眾所周知,海馬在學習記憶中起著重要的作用,因此,研究雙峰駝海馬發(fā)育過程中神經(jīng)元的形態(tài)和超微結(jié)構(gòu)變化及相關(guān)蛋白的表達,有助于揭示雙峰駝較強的方向辨識和認知能力形成的原因。目的：研究雙峰駝海馬發(fā)育過程中兩種主要神經(jīng)元形態(tài)學和超微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化及海馬不同區(qū)域內(nèi)NGF、BDNF和SYN1的表達情況。方法：應(yīng)用常規(guī)石蠟切片HE染色、Nissl染色、免疫組織化學和透射電鏡等研究方法,對胎駝、青年雙峰駝和成年雙峰駝海馬CA1-CA3區(qū)錐體細胞、DG顆粒細胞的形態(tài)學和超微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化進行研究,并觀察了NGF、BDNF和SYN1的表達變化。結(jié)果：Nissl染色結(jié)果顯示,隨著雙峰駝發(fā)育,海馬CA1-CA3區(qū)錐體細胞層和顆粒細胞層的寬度從(38.87±7.05～53.17±7.46)μm到(58.27±8.30～67.60±13.97)μm,顯著增加(P0.05)。各區(qū)錐體細胞和顆粒細胞的體積增大,其中錐體細胞的體積由(1,337.77+131.51～2,086.18±374.92)μm3到(2,729.24±334.09～5,107.28±336.59)μm3,顆粒細胞的體積由302.57±46.30μm3到577.38±44.23μm3,均差異顯著(P0.001)。密度降低,錐體細胞由(607.35±65.06～726.76±74.59)個/mm2到(311.29±67.55～422.47±67.16)個/mm2(P0.001),顆粒細胞由2,117.88±235.51個/mm2到1632.88±197.15個/mm2(P0.001)。細胞的核體比減小,錐體細胞從(3.57%+0.002～3.99%4±0.006)到(2.32%+0.002～2.73%±0.005)(P0.001),顆粒細胞從(7.57%±0.006)到(4.87%±0.330)(P0.001)。免疫組化結(jié)果表明,成年雙峰駝海馬錐體細胞中NGF和BDNF的表達量顯著高于胎駝(P0.01)和青年雙峰駝(氏0.01)。這兩種蛋白在顆粒細胞中的表達量隨海馬的發(fā)育逐漸增加；從胎駝到青年雙峰駝,SYN1在海馬錐體細胞和顆粒細胞中的表達量明顯增加(P0.05),而從青年雙峰駝發(fā)育到成年雙峰駝,SYN1的表達量增加較少。透射電鏡結(jié)果表明,青年雙峰駝海馬CA1區(qū)和CA3區(qū)的突觸數(shù)目較胎駝明顯增多且結(jié)構(gòu)更完整,成年雙峰駝與青年雙峰駝相比,海馬CA1和CA3區(qū)的突觸數(shù)目變化不大；青年雙峰駝海馬CA1區(qū)和CA3區(qū)的線粒體數(shù)目最多,成年雙峰駝海馬CA1和CA3區(qū)的線粒體數(shù)目與青年雙峰駝相比較少。結(jié)論：從胎駝到成年雙峰駝,海馬中的主要神經(jīng)元不斷遷移、成熟,從體積小且少有突起和分支的神經(jīng)元發(fā)育成為體積較大、具有明顯形態(tài)和功能的神經(jīng)元。NGF和BDNF在成年雙峰駝海馬神經(jīng)元中表達量最高,表明NGF和BDNF可調(diào)節(jié)已分化的神經(jīng)元,使其形態(tài)和功能發(fā)生改變以促進雙峰駝海馬發(fā)育過程中學習記憶功能的逐步完善。SYNl的表達情況和海馬神經(jīng)元超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察到的結(jié)果相一致,表明雙峰駝在青年期,海馬中的突觸數(shù)目最多,所需能量也最多。
[Abstract]:Bactrian camel is a large mammal living in Gobi, desert and semi-desert area. Its sense of smell is sensitive and it has a good sense of direction. The strong recognition and cognitive characteristics of Bactrian camel are closely related to the formation of learning and memory during its growth and development. It is well known that the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory. Therefore, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of neurons and the expression of related proteins in the hippocampus of Bactrian camel are studied. It is helpful to reveal the reasons for the stronger orientation identification and cognitive ability of Bactrian camel. Aim: to study the morphological and ultrastructural changes of two main neurons and the expression of BDNF and SYN1 in different hippocampal regions of Bactrian Camel. Methods: using routine paraffin section HE staining Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscope to study the fetal camel. The morphological and ultrastructural changes of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 region of young bactrian camel and adult bactrian camel were studied, and the expression of BDNF and SYN1 were observed. Results with the development of Bactrian Camel, the width of pyramidal cell layer and granulosa cell layer in hippocampal CA1-CA3 region ranged from 38.87 鹵7.05 ~ 53.17 鹵7.46 渭 m to 58.27 鹵8.30 ~ 67.60 鹵13.97 渭 m, significantly increased (P 0.05). The volume of pyramidal cells and granulosa cells increased. The volume of pyramidal cells ranged from 1337.77 131.51U 2086.18 鹵374.92 渭 m ~ 3 to 2729.24 鹵334.09 ~ 5107.28 鹵336.59) 渭 m ~ 3, and the volume of granulosa cells ranged from 302.57 鹵46.30 渭 m ~ 3 to 577.38 鹵44.23 渭 m ~ (3). The density of pyramidal cells was decreased from 607.35 鹵65.06 / 726.76 鹵74.59 / mm2 to 311.29 鹵67.55 / 422.47 鹵67.16 / mm2 / mm2, respectively, and the granulosa cells ranged from 2117.88 鹵235.51 / mm2 to 1632.88 鹵197.15 / mm2, respectively. The nucleosome ratio of pyramidal cells decreased from 3.57% 0.002 ~ 3.994 鹵0.006) to 2.32% 0.002 ~ 2.73% 鹵0.005 (P 0.001), and granulosa cells from 7.57% 鹵0.006) to 4.87% 鹵0.330% (P 0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of NGF and BDNF in hippocampal pyramidal cells of adult bactrian camels was significantly higher than that of P0.01 and young bactrian camels. The expression of these two proteins in granulosa cells increased with the development of hippocampus. The expression of SYN1 in hippocampal pyramidal cells and granulosa cells increased significantly from the fetal camel to the young bactrian camel, but the expression of SYN1 increased slightly from the development of the young bactrian camel to the adult bactrian camel. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the number of synapses in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of young bactrian camels was significantly more than that of the fetal camels, and the synapses in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of adult bactrian camels had little change compared with that of the young bactrian camels. The number of mitochondria in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of young bactrian camels was the highest, and that of the CA1 and CA3 regions in the hippocampus of adult bactrian camels was less than that of young bactrian camels. Conclusion: from the fetal camel to the adult bactrian camel, the main neurons in the hippocampus migrate and mature, from the small neurons with few protuberances and branches to the larger ones. The expression of NGF and BDNF in the hippocampal neurons of adult bactrian camel was the highest, indicating that NGF and BDNF could regulate the differentiated neurons. The expression of SYNl was consistent with the observation of ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons, which indicated that Bactrian Camel was in youth, and its morphology and function were changed in order to promote the gradual improvement of learning and memory function of Bactrian Camel during the development of hippocampus. The hippocampus has the largest number of synapses and the most needed energy.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S824;Q78

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