本文選題：牦牛 + 藏羊　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：牦牛和藏羊作為青藏高原的原始畜種,我國是養(yǎng)殖數(shù)量最多的國家,對其資源具有壟斷優(yōu)勢。牦牛和藏羊的皮毛、肉制品及奶制品都是青藏高原農(nóng)牧民重要的經(jīng)濟收入來源,是地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。牛病毒性腹瀉、藍舌病、牛白血病和邊界病是牛羊中重要的病毒性疾病,同樣可以感染牦牛和藏羊,造成嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失;畢氏微孢子蟲是重要的人畜共患病病原,嚴重危害著家畜及人的健康。牛病毒性腹瀉病毒(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus,BVDV)屬于黃病毒科、瘟病毒屬,主要侵害牛、羊等反芻動物以及豬的一種重要傳染病,根據(jù)引起不同的臨床癥狀分為牛病毒性腹瀉(BVD)和黏膜病(MD)。常引起呼吸綜合征、免疫抑制及繁殖障礙等癥狀,給畜牧業(yè)帶來了嚴重的危害。藍舌病是由藍舌病病毒(Bluetongue Virus,BTV)引起的一種以昆蟲為傳播媒介的反芻動物的非接觸性傳染病,主要引起病畜發(fā)熱、消瘦、鼻涕、流涎、口鼻和胃黏膜潰瘍性炎癥,造成較大的經(jīng)濟損失。地方流行性牛白血病是由牛白血病病毒(Bovine Leukemia Virus,BLV)引起的牛的一種以淋巴細胞持續(xù)性增生為特征的慢性腫瘤性疾病,病畜感染后表現(xiàn)分為白細胞增多型、持續(xù)型淋巴細胞增多型和腫瘤型,并伴有高死亡率,是牛的重要傳染病之一。羊邊界病是由邊界病病毒(Bordsriseaes Virus,BDV)引起的羊的一種先天性慢性傳染病,主要引起病畜繁殖障礙、羔羊畸形、生長緩慢,給養(yǎng)羊業(yè)造成較大的經(jīng)濟損失。常見的微孢子蟲病主要是由畢氏微孢子蟲(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)引起的一類能感染幾乎所有動物的專性胞內(nèi)寄生的寄生蟲病。微孢子蟲能機會感染免疫低下者,加重其病癥,甚至?xí)鹬滤佬愿篂a,是重要的人畜共患寄生蟲病。本研究的第一部分采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)對西北地區(qū)的牦牛、藏羊的病毒性腹瀉病、藍舌病,牦牛的牛白血病以及藏羊的邊界病進行了血清學(xué)調(diào)查,并進行了風(fēng)險因素分析。結(jié)果顯示:牦牛血清中病毒性腹瀉病毒抗體陽性率為37.56%(595/1 584),藏羊的抗體陽性率為36.76%(804/2 187)。經(jīng)過風(fēng)險因素分析顯示品種和地區(qū)考慮為風(fēng)險因素;牦牛血清中藍舌病病毒抗體陽性率為13.32%(211/1 584),藏羊的抗體陽性率為20.26%(443/2 187),經(jīng)過風(fēng)險因素分析顯示品種為風(fēng)險因素;牦牛血清中牛白血病病毒抗體陽性率為21.09%(334/1 584)。經(jīng)過風(fēng)險因素分析顯示品種和地區(qū)為風(fēng)險因素。品種差異是上述病毒性傳染病的重要的風(fēng)險因素。藏羊血清中邊界病病毒抗體陽性率為18.29%(400/2 187)。在風(fēng)險因素分析中未確定風(fēng)險因素。本研究的第二部分采用巢式PCR方法對西北地區(qū)牦牛、藏羊的糞便DNA進行了微孢子蟲檢測。結(jié)果顯示:牦牛糞便中微孢子蟲的陽性率為1.91%(9/471),藏羊糞便中未檢到陽性0%(0/496)。經(jīng)過比對共有4個型,分別為D型(n=2),I型(n=1),BEB4(n=5),及一個新型命名為WCY1(n=1)。本項研究對西北地區(qū)牦牛、藏羊的病毒性腹瀉病、藍舌病、牛白血病、邊界病以及微孢子蟲病的感染狀況進行了調(diào)查,為疾病的防控提供了重要的基礎(chǔ)資料,具有重要的公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:Yaks and Tibetan sheep are the original livestock of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. China is the country with the largest number of aquaculture, and has a monopoly advantage for its resources. The fur, meat products and dairy products of yaks and Tibetan sheep are important economic income sources for farmers and herdsmen in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and are the pillar industries of regional economic development. Border disease is an important viral disease of cattle and sheep, which can also infect yaks and Tibetan sheep and cause serious economic loss. The Pichia micro sporozoite is an important pathogen of zoonosis, which seriously endangers the health of domestic animals and people. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) belongs to the family of the family of the yellow virus, the genus plague virus, and the main infraction. Cattle, sheep and other ruminant animals and an important infectious disease of pigs, according to the causes of different clinical symptoms are divided into bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and mucosal disease (MD). It often causes respiratory syndrome, immunosuppression and reproductive disorders and other symptoms, causing serious harm to the animal husbandry. Bluetongue is caused by the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) virus. A noncontagious disease of ruminants of insects, which mainly causes fever, emaciation, runny nose, saliva, mouth nose and gastric mucosa ulcerative inflammation, causing large economic losses. Endemic bovine leukaemia is a kind of lymphocyte persistence caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV). Chronic neoplastic diseases characterized by hyperplastic disease, the manifestations of infected animals are divided into leukocytosis, persistent type of lymphocytosis and tumor type, with high mortality, which are one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle. Sheep border disease is a congenital chronic infectious disease caused by Bordsriseaes Virus (BDV), which is mainly caused by the disease. The reproductive disorders of the sick animals, the malformation of the lamb, the slow growth, and the greater economic loss of the sheep industry. The common microspore disease is mainly a class of parasitic parasitic diseases that can infect almost all animals by the Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Disease, even causing fatal diarrhea, is an important zoonotic parasitic disease. The first part of this study was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the northwest region of yaks, viral diarrhoea in Tibetan sheep, bluetongue, yak bovine leukaemia and Tibetan sheep border disease, and the risk factors were analyzed. The results showed that the positive rate of viral diarrhea virus antibody in Yak serum was 37.56% (595/1 584), and the positive rate of antibody in Tibetan sheep was 36.76% (804/2 187). The risk factors analysis showed that the varieties and regions were considered as risk factors; the positive rate of bluetongue virus antibody in Yak serum was 13.32% (211/1 584), and the positive rate of Tibetan sheep was 20.26% (44). 3/2 187), the risk factor analysis showed that the variety was the risk factor, the positive rate of bovine leukemic virus antibody in Yak serum was 21.09% (334/1 584). The risk factors analysis showed that the variety and area were risk factors. The variety difference was the important risk factor of the above viral infectious diseases. The rate was 18.29% (400/2 187). The risk factors were not determined in the risk factors analysis. The second part of this study used the nested PCR method to detect microspore in the yak and the fecal DNA of the Tibetan sheep. The results showed that the positive rate of Microspore in the yak feces was 1.91% (9 /471), and the positive 0% (0/496) in the feces of Tibetan sheep (0/496). There were 4 types: D (n=2), I (n=1), BEB4 (n=5), and a new named WCY1 (n=1). This study investigated the infection status of yaks, viral diarrhea, bluetongue, bovine leukaemia, border disease and microsposmosis in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Northwest China, which provided important basic information for the prevention and control of the disease. The importance of public hygiene.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.23;S858.26

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