本文選題：壽光雞 + 褪黑激素AANAT基因�。� 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：褪黑激素主要是由哺乳動物和人類的松果體產(chǎn)生的一種吲哚類化合物,具有廣泛的生理活性。褪黑激素的合成分四步進(jìn)行,以色氨酸為原料,先后經(jīng)過羥化,脫羧,N2乙�；脱跫谆�,最終形成褪黑激素。無論兩棲類、爬行類、哺乳動物還是鳥類,其合成步驟是這樣的。合成過程中涉及兩個(gè)主要的酶,AANAT酶(5-羥色胺-N-乙�；D(zhuǎn)移酶)是限速酶。HIOMT是關(guān)鍵酶。本研究擬采用實(shí)驗(yàn)性的方法對AANAT基因5'調(diào)控區(qū)多態(tài)性和雞產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)有意義的分子標(biāo)記,輔助實(shí)際蛋雞育種工作,同時(shí)期望AANAT基因的研究對完善褪黑激素作用的分子機(jī)制能有一定貢獻(xiàn)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以壽光雞為材料,對雞的AANAT基因5'調(diào)控區(qū)進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,再用單克隆測序得到AANAT基因5'調(diào)控區(qū)可能存在的多態(tài)性位點(diǎn),然后用直接測序的方法大群體檢測其多態(tài)性位點(diǎn),并將各多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與記錄的壽光雞產(chǎn)蛋性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,分析的部分結(jié)果如下:AANAT基因5'調(diào)控區(qū)的共有24個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)。其中,15處堿基轉(zhuǎn)換、7處堿基顛換和2處堿基插入。-853、-803、-623、-619、-561、-522、-477、-210共8個(gè)位點(diǎn)對雞的產(chǎn)蛋性能有顯著影響(P0.05),其他突變SNPs位點(diǎn)對產(chǎn)蛋性能均無顯著影響。其中,4個(gè)低度多態(tài)位點(diǎn)-853、-623、-619、-477位點(diǎn),其不同基因型的頻率差距太大,個(gè)別基因型頻率特別小,代表性差。-803位點(diǎn)等位基因G比T能使雞提前開產(chǎn)約2.5天,早期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加約1.6枚,該位點(diǎn)對開產(chǎn)日齡和早期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)的作用方式為加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng);-561位點(diǎn)等位基因T比A能使雞中期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加0.9枚,等位基因T比A能使雞產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加4.4枚,對中期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)的作用方式主要為顯性效應(yīng),加性效應(yīng)不顯著。對于產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù),等位基因T比A能使雞產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加4.4枚,作用方式為加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng),均顯著;-522位點(diǎn)等位基因A比G能使雞后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)增加1.5枚,等位基因A比G能使雞產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加5.4枚,該位點(diǎn)對后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)和產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)的作用方式為加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng),且均顯著;-210位點(diǎn)等位基因A比C能使雞提前2.9天開產(chǎn),產(chǎn)蛋總數(shù)增加5.8枚。-708和-615位點(diǎn)連鎖,構(gòu)建了4種單倍型,與單倍型TG相比,TA單倍型使母雞的開產(chǎn)日齡延后了10.3天(P0.05);-619和-595位點(diǎn)連鎖,構(gòu)建了4種單倍型,與單倍型GT相比,單倍型GC能使母雞的中期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)提高10.6枚(P0.05),單倍型AC和GC之間還存在顯著的互作效應(yīng),使早期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)和中期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)減少;-546和-210位點(diǎn)連鎖,構(gòu)建了4種單倍型,與單倍型TA相比,單倍型CC使母雞的開產(chǎn)日齡提前了約4.0天(P0.05),而單倍型CA使母雞的后期產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)減少了約6.8枚(P0.05)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些潛在的分子標(biāo)記,為壽光雞的遺傳選育改良及褪黑激素受體調(diào)控雞繁殖性能的分子機(jī)制提供參考。
[Abstract]:Melatonin is an indole compound produced mainly by the pineal gland of mammals and humans and has a wide range of physiological activities. The synthesis of melatonin was divided into four steps. Using tryptophan as raw material, melatonin was formed by hydroxylation, decarboxylation of N _ 2 acetylation and oxygen methylation. Whether amphibians, reptiles, mammals or birds, the synthesis process is like this. The rate-limiting enzyme, HIOMT, is the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of two major enzymes, AANAT and 5-hydroxytryptamine-N-acetyltransferase. The aim of this study was to use experimental methods to analyze the polymorphism of 5'regulatory region of AANAT gene and egg laying traits in order to find meaningful molecular markers to assist the breeding of laying hens. At the same time, it is expected that the study of AANAT gene will contribute to the improvement of the molecular mechanism of melatonin. The 5 'regulatory region of AANAT gene was amplified by PCR from Shouguang chicken. The polymorphic loci of 5' regulatory region of AANAT gene were obtained by monoclonal sequencing, and the polymorphic loci of 5 'regulatory region of AANAT gene were detected by direct sequencing method. The polymorphic loci were associated with egg laying traits recorded in Shouguang Chicken. Some of the results were as follows: a total of 24 SNPs loci were located in the 5 'regulatory region of the 1: AANat gene. Among them, 15 base transversion sites and 2 base inserts. -853An -803U -623C -619U -561U -522U -477C -210 had significant effects on laying performance of chickens, while other mutant SNPs sites had no significant effect on egg laying performance. Among them, four low-degree polymorphic loci -853r-623C-619C-477, the frequency difference of different genotypes was too big, and the frequency of individual genotypes was very small. The allele G of .-803 locus could make chickens produce about 2.5 days earlier than T, and increase the number of eggs in the early stage by about 1.6. The effect of this locus on laying age and early egg number was as follows: additive effect and dominant effect: allele T and dominant effect could increase the number of eggs produced in the middle period of chicken by 0.9 alleles than A, and allele T ratio A could increase the total number of eggs produced by chicken by 4.4. The dominant effect was dominant effect, but the additive effect was not significant. For the total number of eggs laid, allele T than A could increase the total number of eggs by 4.4, in the form of additive effect and dominant effect, and allele A at locus 522 significantly increased the number of eggs laid at the later stage by 1.5 compared with G. Allele A could increase the total number of eggs by 5.4 than G. The effect of allele A on the number of eggs and the total number of eggs in the later stage was additive and dominant, and allele A at locus A was significantly higher than that at locus C by 2.9 days earlier than that of C. The total number of eggs was increased by 5.8 loci of .-708 and -615, and four haplotypes were constructed. Compared with the haplotype TG, TA haplotype delayed the age of birth of hens by 10.3 days (P 0.05) -619 and -595, and constructed four haplotypes, which were compared with haplotype GT. Haplotype GC could increase the egg number of hens by 10.6 eggs in the middle stage. There was also a significant interaction effect between haplotype AC and GC, which reduced the number of eggs laid in the early stage and the number of eggs laid in the metaphase by loci -546 and -210. Four haplotypes were constructed, which were compared with haplotype TA. Haplotype CC could advance the age of laying hen by 4.0 days, and haplotype CA could reduce the number of eggs laid by hens at later stage. In this study, some potential molecular markers were found to provide reference for the genetic improvement of Shouguang chicken and the molecular mechanism of melatonin receptor regulating chicken reproductive performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831

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