本文選題：嗜酸乳桿菌 + 發(fā)酵棉粕��； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:本論文通過(guò)響應(yīng)面法對(duì)嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕條件參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,并將發(fā)酵棉粕添加于黃羽肉雞日糧中,研究對(duì)黃羽肉雞生長(zhǎng)性能、肉品質(zhì)、免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影響,揭示其在黃羽肉雞上的應(yīng)用效果,為益生菌發(fā)酵棉粕在肉雞生產(chǎn)上的合理利用提供理論依據(jù)和實(shí)踐參考。方法:本論文包括四個(gè)試驗(yàn)內(nèi)容,研究方法如下:試驗(yàn)一:響應(yīng)面法優(yōu)化嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕工藝參數(shù)。試驗(yàn)采用單因素試驗(yàn)和響應(yīng)面法,單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明接種量、溫度和發(fā)酵時(shí)間對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果影響顯著,根據(jù)響應(yīng)面的基本原理,以發(fā)酵飼料中乳酸含量為優(yōu)化指標(biāo),利用Design Expert軟件優(yōu)化發(fā)酵條件。試驗(yàn)二:研究嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕對(duì)黃羽肉雞養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率和生長(zhǎng)性能的影響。試驗(yàn)選用21日齡健康黃羽肉雞公雞180只,隨機(jī)分成3組,分別為Ⅰ組(對(duì)照組)、Ⅱ組和Ⅲ組,每組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10只雞。對(duì)照組飼喂含6%棉粕的基礎(chǔ)日糧,Ⅱ組飼喂含6%嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕的試驗(yàn)日糧,Ⅲ組飼喂在含6%棉粕的基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加7×104 CFU/g的嗜酸乳桿菌的試驗(yàn)日糧。試驗(yàn)期分2階段:21~42日齡和43~64日齡。采用全收糞法測(cè)定表觀代謝率,計(jì)算ADG、ADFI、F/G等生產(chǎn)性能指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)三:研究嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕對(duì)黃羽肉雞屠宰性能、胴體營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及血清生化指標(biāo)的影響。在試驗(yàn)二的基礎(chǔ)上,黃羽肉雞42和64日齡時(shí)進(jìn)行采血、屠宰和取樣,計(jì)算屠宰率等,并測(cè)定血清生化和胴體營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)四:研究嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕對(duì)黃羽肉雞免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影響。在試驗(yàn)三的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行采血和取樣,計(jì)算免疫器官指數(shù),測(cè)定血清免疫細(xì)胞因子IL-2和IL-6含量及脾臟免疫基因IFN-γ和IL-10表達(dá)量,并測(cè)定血清和肝臟的T-SOD活性、GSH-Px活性、T-AOC及MDA含量。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)一:發(fā)酵條件參數(shù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果:接種量為5.96 m L/100g(菌液濃度為2.52×106CFU/m L),發(fā)酵溫度為36.99℃,發(fā)酵時(shí)間為48.26 h。此條件下發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中乳酸含量預(yù)測(cè)可達(dá)7.57%,實(shí)際試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為7.50%。試驗(yàn)二:1)Ⅱ組CP表觀代謝率顯著高于對(duì)照組和Ⅲ組,EE、Ash、Ca和P的表觀代謝率均無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。2)21~42日齡,與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組ADG顯著提高了8.61%(P0.05),F/G顯著下降了7.69%(P0.05),ADFI無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05);Ⅲ組ADG、ADFI和F/G無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。43~64日齡,與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組ADG顯著提高了12.32%(P0.05),ADFI和F/G無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05);Ⅲ組ADG、ADFI和F/G均無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)三:1)42日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組屠宰率、半凈膛率和全凈膛率分別顯著提高了2.99%、7.55%和12.33%(P0.05);Ⅲ組屠宰性能指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組屠宰率和半凈膛率分別顯著提高了3.43%和6.38%(P0.05)。64日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率分別顯著提高了5.27%、8.92%和7.05%(P0.05),半凈膛率極顯著提高了6.84%(P0.01);Ⅲ組屠宰性能指標(biāo)均無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組屠宰率、半凈膛率和胸肌率分別顯著提高了4.08%、4.35%和5.16%(P0.05)。2)除胸肌和腿肌的失水率顯著低于對(duì)照組和Ⅲ組外,各組間的p H值、干物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪含量均無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。3)42日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組血清TP和ALB含量分別顯著提高了10.06%和12.60%(P0.05),BUN含量極顯著降低了46.76%(P0.01);Ⅲ組血清生化指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組血清TP和ALB含量分別顯著提高了9.58%和13.10%(P0.05),BUN含量極顯著降低了47.88%(P0.01)。64日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組血清Ca含量顯著提高了11.74%(P0.05),BUN含量極顯著降低了37.40%(P0.01);Ⅲ組血清生化指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組BUN含量極顯著降低了40.58%(P0.01)。試驗(yàn)四:1)42日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組和Ⅲ組的胸腺指數(shù)、脾臟指數(shù)和法氏囊指數(shù)無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。64日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組的脾臟指數(shù)、法氏囊指數(shù)和血清中IL-2含量分別顯著提高了47.69%、20.59%和5.77%(P0.05),脾臟中IL-10m RNA表達(dá)量極顯著提高了449.37%(P0.01),Ⅲ組脾臟中IFN-γ和IL-10m RNA表達(dá)量分別顯著提高了153.45%和255.70%(P0.05);與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組脾臟中IL-10m RNA表達(dá)量提高了54.45%(P0.05),有提高趨勢(shì)(P0.10)。2)42日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組血清的T-SOD活性和T-AOC分別顯著提高了8.26%和22.13%(P0.05),肝臟T-AOC顯著提高了22.34%(P0.05);與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組血清的T-AOC顯著提高了27.25%(P0.05)。64日齡時(shí),與對(duì)照組相比,Ⅱ組血清的T-SOD活性極顯著提高了10.17%(P0.01),GSH-Px活性顯著提高了20.45%(P0.05),肝臟T-SOD活性極顯著提高了26.17%(P0.01);與Ⅲ組相比,Ⅱ組血清的GSH-Px活性顯著提高了19.45%(P0.05),肝臟T-SOD活性極顯著提高了18.41%(P0.01),GSH-Px活性顯著提高了21.23%(P0.05)。結(jié)論:嗜酸乳桿菌發(fā)酵棉粕的最佳條件:接種量為5.96 m L/100g(菌液濃度為2.52×106CFU/m L),發(fā)酵溫度為36.99℃,發(fā)酵時(shí)間為48.26 h,發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中乳酸含量為7.50%。飼料中添加發(fā)酵棉粕可顯著提高黃羽肉雞的生長(zhǎng)性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能,增強(qiáng)黃羽肉雞對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和Ca等營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的利用,對(duì)養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率和胴體營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分無(wú)顯著影響。
[Abstract]:Objective: to optimize the condition parameters of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal by response surface method, the fermented cottonseed meal was added to the diet of yellow feathered broiler, and the effects on the growth performance, meat quality, immune function and antioxidant function of Huang Yu broiler were studied, and the effect of its application on Huang Yu broiler was revealed, and the fermented cottonseed meal was fermented by probiotics in meat. The rational utilization of chicken production provides theoretical basis and practical reference. Methods: This paper includes four experimental contents and research methods as follows: Test 1: optimization of process parameters of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus by response surface method. Single factor test and response surface method are adopted in the experiment. The single factor test results show that the inoculation quantity, temperature and fermentation time are tested. The results were significant. According to the basic principle of the response surface, the fermentation conditions were optimized with the lactic acid content in the fermented feed and the Design Expert software was used to optimize the fermentation conditions. Experiment two: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on the nutrient apparent metabolic rate and growth performance of Huang Yu broilers were studied. 180 chickens with 21 days old healthy yellow feathered broilers were selected. The machine was divided into 3 groups: group I (control group), group II and group III, 6 repetitions in each group and 10 chickens in each group. The control group was fed a basal diet containing 6% cottonseed meal. Group II was fed with 6% Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal test diet. Group III was fed a diet of 7 * 104 CFU/g of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the basal diet containing 6% cotton meal. The period was divided into 2 stages: 21~42 day age and 43~64 day age. The apparent metabolic rate was measured by full dung method, and the performance indexes of ADG, ADFI and F/G were calculated. Experiment three: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on the slaughter performance, carcass nutrition and serum biochemical indexes of Huang Yu broiler were studied. On the basis of experiment two, Huang Yu broilers were carried out at 42 and 64 days of age. Blood collection, slaughter and sampling, calculation of slaughter rate, and determination of serum biochemical and carcass nutritional components. Test four: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on immune function and antioxidant function of Huang Yu broilers were studied. On the basis of test three, blood collection and sampling were carried out, immune organ index was calculated and serum immune cytokine IL-2 and I were measured. The content of L-6 and the expression of spleen immune gene IFN- gamma and IL-10, and determination of T-SOD activity in serum and liver, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC and MDA content. Results: Experiment 1: optimization results of fermentation conditions: inoculation amount is 5.96 m L/100g (2.52 x 106CFU/m L), fermentation temperature is 36.99, and fermentation time is 48.26 h.. The prediction of lactic acid content in the substance was up to 7.57%. The actual test results were 7.50%. test two: 1) the apparent metabolic rate of CP in group II was significantly higher than that of control group and group III. The apparent metabolic rate of EE, Ash, Ca and P had no significant difference (P0.05).2) 21~42 days, compared with the control group, ADG increased by 8.61% (P0.05) and F/G significantly decreased by 7.69%. There was no significant difference (P0.05); group III ADG, ADFI and F/G had no significant difference (P0.05).43~64 day age. Compared with the control group, ADG was significantly increased by 12.32% (P0.05), ADFI and F/G had no significant difference (P0.05), and group III ADG, 1) 42 days old, the slaughter rate, the half chamber rate and the full chamber rate of the group II were compared with the control group. Do not significantly increase 2.99%, 7.55% and 12.33% (P0.05). There was no significant difference in slaughter performance index in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the slaughter rate and the half net chamber rate of group II were significantly increased by 3.43% and 6.38% (P0.05).64 days respectively. Compared with the control group, the slaughter rate, the thoracic muscle rate and the leg muscle rate in the group II were significantly increased by 5.27%, 8.92% and 7.05% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group III, the slaughter rate, the half chamber rate and the breast muscle rate of group II were significantly increased by 4.08%, 4.35% and 5.16% (P0.05).2, respectively, compared with group III, and the rate of water loss in the chest and leg muscles was significantly lower than that of the control group and group III, and the P H value, dry matter and protein in each group were significantly lower than those in group III and group III, compared with group III. There was no significant difference in quality and fat content (P0.05).3) at 42 days old, compared with the control group, the serum TP and ALB content in group II increased by 10.06% and 12.60% (P0.05), BUN content was significantly decreased by 46.76% (P0.01), and there was no significant difference in serum biochemical indexes in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the content of serum TP and ALB in group II was significantly increased by 9. .58% and 13.10% (P0.05), BUN content significantly reduced 47.88% (P0.01).64 days of age, compared with the control group, the serum Ca content of group II was significantly increased by 11.74% (P0.05), BUN content was significantly reduced by 37.40% (P0.01), and there was no significant difference in serum biochemical indexes in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the BUN content of group II was significantly reduced by 40.58% (P0.01). Four: 1) at 42 days of age, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the thymus index, spleen index and bursal index in group II and group III (P0.05).64 days of age. Compared with the control group, the spleen index, the bursal index and the IL-2 content in the serum of the group II were significantly increased by 47.69%, 20.59% and 5.77% (P0.05), and the expression of IL-10m RNA in the spleen was very significant. The expression of IFN- gamma and IL-10m RNA in the spleen of group III was increased by 153.45% and 255.70% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group III, the expression of IL-10m RNA in the spleen of group II was increased by 54.45% (P0.05) and there was a tendency to increase (P0.10).2) at 42 days of age. Compared with the control group, the T-SOD activity of serum and T-AOC in group II increased by 8., respectively. 26% and 22.13% (P0.05), the liver T-AOC increased by 22.34% (P0.05). Compared with group III, the T-AOC of serum in group II was significantly increased by 27.25% (P0.05).64 day age. Compared with the control group, the serum T-SOD activity of group II was significantly increased by 10.17% (P0.01), GSH-Px activity was significantly increased by 20.45% (P0.05), and T-SOD activity in the liver was significantly increased by 26.17% (P0) (P0) was 26.17% (P0). .01): compared with group III, the GSH-Px activity of serum in group II was increased by 19.45% (P0.05), the activity of T-SOD in liver was greatly increased by 18.41% (P0.01), and the activity of GSH-Px was significantly increased by 21.23% (P0.05). Conclusion: the optimum condition for the fermentation of cottonseed meal by Lactobacillus acidophilus was: the inoculation amount was 5.96 m L/100g (the concentration of bacterial liquid was 2.52 * 106CFU/m L), and the fermentation temperature was 36.99. The fermentation time was 48.26 h, and the fermented cottonseed meal added to the 7.50%. feed content in the fermentation product could significantly increase the growth performance, slaughter performance, immune function and antioxidant function of the Yellow feathered broiler, enhance the utilization of protein, fat and Ca in yellow feathered broilers, and have no significant effect on nutrient apparent metabolic rate and carcass nutrient composition. Ringing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S831.5

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