本文選題：刈割 + 羊草群落�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以呼倫貝爾謝爾塔拉草原羊草群落為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)置3個(gè)割草梯度樣地,分別為一年割草一次的樣地簡(jiǎn)稱一年一割(用1G表示)、兩年割草一次的樣地簡(jiǎn)稱兩年一割(用2G表示)和常年不割草的圍封羊草樣地簡(jiǎn)稱圍封(用Y表示)。以常年不割的圍封樣地為對(duì)照,分析在整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)內(nèi)(6月、7月、8月),不同刈割頻度下對(duì)羊草草原的植被、土壤水分和土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響及其水分利用特征的影響及變化規(guī)律,為草甸草原的合理割草、合理利用水提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)相比常年不割草的植物群落,刈割使群落高度和群落生物量下降,使群落密度增加;不同植物種群高度羊草、貝加爾針茅較占優(yōu)勢(shì);相對(duì)于不刈割,種群密度羊草的最高,貝加爾針茅的種群密度最低,種群生物量羊草的最高;刈割使群落中苔草、裂葉蒿等植物的重要值下降,使羊草的重要值增高。(2)不同刈割頻度下,土壤含水量的月變化趨勢(shì)不同,6月土壤含水量高于7、8月的土壤含水量,在土壤表層含水量降低。兩年一割使土壤含水量相對(duì)于年一割有所增加,并且土壤下層的含水量刈割高于圍封。割草對(duì)土壤含水量空間分布無(wú)顯著影響。(3)刈割使群落蒸散值下降,隨著刈割頻度升高,群落蒸散值逐漸下降,在整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)內(nèi),群落蒸散值從6月至8月逐漸升高。在割草利用條件下,割一年休一年(兩年一割)有利于水分利用效率的提高,而一年一割的高頻刈割對(duì)草場(chǎng)的群落水分利用效率影響較大。(4)不同刈割頻度對(duì)光合特征的影響:刈割使得凈光合速率(Pn)、蒸騰速率(Tr)、胞間C02濃度(Ci)、氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)以及水分利用效率(WUE)都高于對(duì)照的圍封樣地,且兩年一割的光和參數(shù)均高于一年一割。(5)不同刈割頻度下葉綠素?zé)晒獾挠绊?在自然條件下,測(cè)定了羊草以及貝加爾針茅在不同刈割頻度下的葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)并且進(jìn)行比較,不同割草方式對(duì)植物葉綠素?zé)晒庥酗@著影響,在割草條件下,割草處理的初始熒光(F0)、最大熒光(Fm),PS II最大光化學(xué)量子產(chǎn)量(Fv/Fm),化學(xué)碎滅系數(shù)(qP)和非光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)(qN)均較對(duì)照常年不割樣地顯著增加;刈割條件下的羊草及貝加爾針茅葉片葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)F0、Fm、Fv/Fm、qP、qN均高于不刈割處理,且兩年一割的葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)均高于一年一割。(6)不同刈割頻度下對(duì)穩(wěn)定碳同位素的影響:通過(guò)研究不同刈割頻度下的穩(wěn)定碳同位素組成變化特征,結(jié)果顯示羊草的δ 13C的值在(-25.79±0.05)～(-27.08±0.05);貝加爾針茅的 δ 13 C 的值在(-26.76±0.05)～(-28.15±0.05),6 13 C值兩年一割大于一年一割大于圍封不割。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the Leymus chinensis community in Hulunbeir Sheertara grassland was studied, and three gradients of mowing plots were set up. The sample plots, which are mowed once a year, are mowed once a year (expressed as 1G), biennial mowers (2G) and enclosed plots without annual mowing (Y) for short. The vegetation of Leymus chinensis steppe during the whole growing season (June, July, August, and different cutting frequency) was analyzed by comparing with the enclosed sample plots. The effects of soil moisture and soil physical and chemical properties, the effects of water use characteristics and their changing rules provide theoretical basis for rational mowing and water utilization of meadow grassland. The results are as follows: (1) compared with the perennial non-mowing plant communities, cutting decreased the community height and community biomass and increased the community density; the height of Leymus chinensis was dominant in different plant populations, and the Stipa bajalensis was more dominant than non-cutting. The population density of Leymus chinensis was the highest, the population density of Stipa baicalensis was the lowest, and the population biomass of Leymus chinensis was the highest, and cutting decreased the important value of Carex and Artemisia chinensis in the community, increased the important value of Leymus chinensis, increased the important value of Leymus chinensis under different cutting frequency. The monthly variation trend of soil water content was different. In June, the soil moisture content was higher than that in July and August, but the soil water content in surface layer decreased. The water content of soil was increased in two years, and the water content in the lower layer was higher than that in the enclosure. Mowing had no significant effect on the spatial distribution of soil water content. Cutting decreased the evapotranspiration value of the community. With the increase of cutting frequency, the evapotranspiration value of the community decreased gradually, and the evapotranspiration value of the community gradually increased from June to August in the whole growing season. Under the condition of mowing, cutting for one year (once every two years) is beneficial to the improvement of water use efficiency. The effects of different cutting frequency on photosynthetic characteristics were as follows: net photosynthetic rate (PnN), transpiration rate (Tran), intercellular C02 concentration (C02), stomatal conductance (Gs), and The water use efficiency (Wue) was higher than that in the enclosed sample plots of the control. And the light and parameters of two years cutting were higher than that of one cutting per year. (5) the effect of different cutting frequency on chlorophyll fluorescence: under natural conditions, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Leymus chinensis and Stipa Baikal were measured and compared under different cutting frequency. The chlorophyll fluorescence of plants was significantly affected by different mowing methods, under the condition of cutting grass, The initial fluorescence (F0), the maximum photochemical quantum yield (FV / Fm), the chemical crushing coefficient (QP) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (QN) of the grass mowing treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis leaves under cutting conditions were higher than those of unmowing treatments. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of two years cutting were higher than that of one cutting per year. (6) the effects of different cutting frequency on stable carbon isotopes were studied, and the change characteristics of stable carbon isotopic composition were studied under different cutting frequency. The results showed that the values of 未 13 C of Leymus chinensis were 25.79 鹵0.05, 27.08 鹵0.05, and those of Stipa baicalensis were -26.76 鹵0.05 and -28.15 鹵0.05, respectively. The values of 未 13 C of Leymus chinensis were greater than that of enclosure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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