本文選題：反芻行為 + 躺臥行為��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：奶牛的反芻行為與生產(chǎn)性能、繁殖性能、應(yīng)激反應(yīng)以及疾病等因素密切相關(guān)，反芻行為的變化在一定程度上反映了奶牛的生理健康狀況。近年來，針對奶牛反芻、采食、社交等行為的相關(guān)研究逐漸受到重視，國外各類學(xué)術(shù)雜志相繼發(fā)表了關(guān)于奶牛反芻行為的研究進(jìn)展，然而，我國關(guān)于反芻行為的研究報道較少，本研究圍繞奶牛反芻行為的變化，從以下三個方面進(jìn)行探討，以期為今后進(jìn)一步的相關(guān)研究提供參考依據(jù)。 首先，試驗探究了奶牛反芻時間、躺臥行為、采食量和產(chǎn)奶量之間的關(guān)系。試驗選取32頭體況良好、體重500kg（SD=56）、處于泌乳中期（泌乳第5～6月）、日平均產(chǎn)奶量33kg（SD=3）的荷斯坦奶牛，其中初產(chǎn)奶牛16頭，經(jīng)產(chǎn)奶牛16頭，胎次為1.7±0.（8Mean±SD）。試驗期內(nèi)，使用SCR公司研發(fā)的HR-Tag項圈記錄反芻時間（RT，Rumination Time），使用運(yùn)動記錄儀HOBO Pendant G記錄躺臥行為（躺臥時間和躺臥次數(shù)；Lying time and lying frequency），使用Insentec BV自動采食槽記錄采食量（Feed Intake），通過牧場擠奶廳內(nèi)博美特（BouMatic）擠奶系統(tǒng)記錄日產(chǎn)奶量（Milk Yield）。試驗結(jié)果表明，反芻時間不同的奶牛在干物質(zhì)采食、產(chǎn)奶量以及躺臥行為方面并沒有差別，而且，干物質(zhì)采食量、產(chǎn)奶量以及躺臥行為與反芻行為無顯著性相關(guān)，即，反芻時間相對于其他三個變量是一個獨(dú)立變量。但產(chǎn)奶量與干物質(zhì)采食量之間存在顯著正相關(guān)，并得到回歸公式為DMI=8.98+0.36*MY（Milk Yield），R2=0.39。 其次，試驗研究了發(fā)情期間奶牛反芻行為和產(chǎn)奶量的變化規(guī)律。采集了萬頭牧場SCR管理系統(tǒng)中，奶牛的發(fā)情數(shù)據(jù)、產(chǎn)奶數(shù)據(jù)以及反芻行為數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)牧場當(dāng)?shù)啬隁夂蜃兓?guī)律，將時間分為寒冷季節(jié)和溫暖季節(jié)。以發(fā)情前、發(fā)情當(dāng)天以及發(fā)情后為三個時間節(jié)點(diǎn)，分析奶牛發(fā)情過程中，反芻時間和產(chǎn)奶量的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明，奶牛發(fā)情時，反芻時間下降，從發(fā)情前的423.0min/d下降到358.1min/d，下降了65.8min，，下降比例為15.55%。然而，反芻時間的變化不受季節(jié)因素影響（P=0.34），但不同胎次的奶牛發(fā)情時反芻時間變化有顯著差別（P0.01）。隨著奶牛胎次的增加，奶牛發(fā)情期間反芻時間下降幅度逐漸減小。另一方面，發(fā)情前產(chǎn)奶量與發(fā)情當(dāng)天無顯著差異（P=0.93），分別為36.91kg/d、36.97kg/d，然而，發(fā)情后產(chǎn)奶量均值為34.58kg/d，較發(fā)情前和發(fā)情當(dāng)天產(chǎn)奶量顯著下降（P0.01）。不同胎次牛發(fā)情當(dāng)天與發(fā)情后的產(chǎn)奶量相比，存在顯著性差異（P0.01），其中，三胎以上牛的產(chǎn)奶量平均下降量顯著高于頭胎牛、二胎牛和三胎牛（P0.01）。 最后，試驗研究了奶牛常見疾病對反芻行為的影響。采集了萬頭牧場奶牛疾病記錄以及SCR系統(tǒng)管理系統(tǒng)中反芻行為數(shù)據(jù)。按疾病的類型分為七大類疾病，分別為消化道類疾病、繁殖類疾病、乳房炎、炎癥反應(yīng)、乳房外傷、肢蹄疾病和酮病。分析患有不同疾病奶牛反芻時間的變化規(guī)律，即相較于健康體況下反芻時間的均值，奶�；疾r反芻時間的下降程度。結(jié)果表明，不同種類疾病對奶牛反芻時間的影響結(jié)果各不相同，消化道類疾病對奶牛反芻時間影響最顯著，其次是繁殖類疾病，再次是乳房炎和肺炎等炎癥反應(yīng)，之后是乳房外傷和肢蹄疾病，而酮病對反芻時間的影響最小。
[Abstract]:The reproductive performance of ruminant behavior and production performance of dairy cows, stress response factors and the disease is closely related to changes in ruminant behavior reflects the physical health status of dairy cows in a certain extent. In recent years, the dairy ruminant feed, related research, social behavior gradually attention, all kinds of foreign journals have been published. Research progress on dairy ruminant behavior however, research reports on ruminant behavior in China is few, the change of around ruminating cows, from the following three aspects, to provide a reference for future research further.
First of all, the experiment studied dairy ruminant, lying behavior, the relationship between intake and milk yield. The experiment selects 32 head body condition, body weight, 500kg (SD=56) in mid lactation (lactation from fifth to June), the average daily milk yield of 33kg (SD=3) of Holstein cows, the primiparous cows 16 multiparous head, 16 cows, 1.7 parity + 0. (8Mean + SD). The trial period, the use of SCR & HR-Tag collar records (RT Rumination Time, rumination time), using HOBO Pendant G motion recorder records lying (lie time and number of Lying time and: lying; frequency), the use of Insentec BV automatic feeder recording intake (Feed Intake), the ranch milking hall Emmett bonnet (BouMatic) milking system to record the daily milk yield (Milk Yield). The experimental results show that different rumination time of cows in dry matter intake, milk yield, and lying behavior There is no difference, and dry matter intake, no significant correlation, milk yield and lying behavior and rumination behavior namely, rumination time compared with the other three variables are independent variables. But the milk yield and dry matter intake had a significant positive correlation between food intake, and get the regression formula is DMI=8.98+0.36*MY (Milk Yield) R2=0.39..
Secondly, studied during oestrus behavior and changes of ruminant cow milk production. Collected ten thousand ranch in SCR management system, the milk cow estrus data, data and data. According to the local pasture ruminating behavior of climate change rules, the time is divided into cold season and warm season. To estrus before estrus the day after estrus and three time node, analysis of oestrus process, variation of rumination time and milk yield. The results showed that the oestrus, rumination time decreased, decreased from 423.0min/d to 358.1min/d before estrus, decreased 65.8min, decreased the ratio of 15.55%.. However, the change of rumination time no seasonal factors effect of (P=0.34), but the oestrus of Different Parities when there was a significant difference between the changes of rumination time (P0.01). With the increase of parities, during the oestrus rumination time decreased to another. Hand, milk production before oestrus and oestrus day had no significant difference (P=0.93), respectively 36.91kg/d, 36.97kg/d, however, the estrus milk yield mean 34.58kg/d, compared with before estrus and estrus day milk yield decreased significantly (P0.01). Different parity and milk production in bovine estrus day after estrus in existence significant differences (P0.01), the milk yield of three fetal bovine above average decrease was significantly higher than that in the first two cattle, cattle and three fetal bovine (P0.01).
Finally, experimental study on effects of common diseases of dairy cows on ruminant behavior. Collected ruminant behavior million head of cow disease and SCR ranch records management system data. According to the type of disease is divided into seven kinds of diseases, were gastrointestinal diseases, reproductive diseases, mastitis, breast inflammation, trauma, limb hoof disease and ketosis. Analysis of the change regularity with different diseases of dairy ruminant time, is compared with the mean body condition of the rumination time health, decrease time in ruminant cows. The results showed that the effects of different kinds of diseases of dairy cows on the reverse time vary, digestive tract diseases of cow ruminating time effect obviously, followed by reproductive diseases, such as pneumonia and mastitis again is inflammatory reaction after trauma is breast and limb hoof disease, with minimal effects of ketosis on rumination time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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本文編號：1771278