本文選題：延邊黃牛　切入點(diǎn)：脂肪沉積　出處：《延邊大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：世界畜牧業(yè)行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜,但是中國的畜牧業(yè)在世界等級(jí)中比重相當(dāng)高,尤其是家畜牛肉羊肉的比值,大約占據(jù)世界家畜食草界的一半為15%左右。在中國的畜牧結(jié)構(gòu)在不斷地晉升階段,而牛肉在中國的市場絕對(duì)是高度消耗品,大約占據(jù)市場的25%左右,因?yàn)槿馀Ｐ枰?jīng)過育肥的過程。中國的牛肉人均消費(fèi)大約占據(jù)世界的二分之一,而延邊地區(qū)的延邊黃牛在國內(nèi)市場占據(jù)主要地位,為了進(jìn)一步提升延邊黃牛肉的高端市場,畜牧行業(yè)對(duì)此在研究領(lǐng)域極其重視。本試驗(yàn)旨在研究延邊黃牛育肥牛不同部位脂肪酸構(gòu)成特性和脂肪酸合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)研究。分別從延邊黃牛的屠宰性能、脂肪含量、脂肪酸構(gòu)成、基因表達(dá)幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究。選取6頭,健康的,體重相近、月齡相同的延邊黃牛育肥牛,每頭牛分別選取后臀、西冷、眼肌、上腦、脖肉、牛胸、牛脯、脯肉8個(gè)部位,每個(gè)部位分別做3個(gè)重復(fù),通過測定不同部位的肌內(nèi)脂肪的含量和脂肪酸含量及結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)差異,進(jìn)而與生肌因子和生脂因子的基因表達(dá)、發(fā)育變化進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)屠宰性能:各組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)(2)不同部位的脂肪含量:后臀部位中,脂肪含量顯著低于其它部位(P0.05);上腦部位中,脂肪含量最高,其次為脯肉、西冷和眼肌部位;其它部位差異之間不顯著(P0.05)。(3)肌內(nèi)脂肪的脂肪酸含量:肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)在肌肉組織中后臀部位含量最高;棕櫚酸(C16:0)在后臀部位的脂肪酸含量顯著高于西冷、眼肌、脖肉、脯肉(P0.05);硬脂酸(C18:0)在西冷部位的含量明顯高于其它部位(P0.05);油酸(C18:1n9)含量普遍較高,在西冷中的含量明顯高與其它部位(P0.05);亞油酸(C18:2n6)含量在后臀部位顯著高于西冷、眼肌、上腦中C18:2n6c含量(P0.05);亞麻酸(C18:3)在后臀部顯著最高;C20:5和C22:6均差異不顯著。(4)生肌因子mRNA表達(dá)量:MRF4在眼肌部位表達(dá)量第一,與其它部位相比均具有顯著性差異(P0.05);MYF5在上腦部位的表達(dá)量第一,在脖肉部位,表達(dá)量顯著高于其它部位(P0.05),在眼肌部位、牛胸部位的表達(dá)量也顯著高于其它部位(P0.05);MY0D和MYOG表達(dá)量在牛胸和牛腩中均顯著高于其它部位(P0.05)。(5)生脂因子mRNA表達(dá)量:PPARr在牛腩部位表達(dá)最高,眼肌中的PPARr的含量顯著高于其它部位(P0.05);SREBP1在脖肉、牛胸中表達(dá)量均顯著高于其它組(P0.05);C/EBP家族基因在牛腩部位表達(dá)最高;GPR43在牛胸中表達(dá)量最高。(6)與脂肪酸合成相關(guān)的基因:AMPKa在西冷、眼肌、上腦部位的表達(dá)均顯著高于其它部位(P0.05);CPT-1在牛腩中表達(dá)量顯著高于其它部位(P0.05);SCD的表達(dá)量在眼肌、牛胸部位顯著高于其它部位(P0.05)。綜上所述:本試驗(yàn)通過對(duì)延邊黃牛育肥閹牛不同部位肌肉組織的研究可知:延邊黃牛不同部位肌肉組織的脂肪酸在含量和種類上存在差異,在延邊黃牛上腦部位棕櫚酸含量最高;西冷部位硬脂酸含量和油酸含量最高;亞油酸含量和亞麻酸含量在后臀中最高;生脂因子PPARy、C/EBP、GPR43、SREBP和肌內(nèi)脂肪含量呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)性,促進(jìn)脂肪沉積;生肌因子MYOG、MYOD、MYF5、MRF4基因和肌內(nèi)脂肪呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)性,抑制脂肪沉積;脂肪酸調(diào)節(jié)因子SCD、AMPK、CPT-1P對(duì)肌內(nèi)脂肪中單不飽和脂肪酸的合成有影響;延邊黃牛不同部位肌肉組織的脂肪酸含量的變化與脂肪酸調(diào)節(jié)相關(guān)基因表達(dá)差異相關(guān)。此研究對(duì)以后畜牧行業(yè)改善牛肉的品質(zhì)在高檔牛肉的生產(chǎn)中將具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The structure of world animal husbandry industry is very complex, but the proportion of China animal husbandry in the world level is very high, especially the ratio of beef and mutton livestock, livestock grazing accounted for about half of the world community is about 15%. The structure of animal husbandry in China in the continuous promotion stage, and beef in the market is highly Chinese consumables, about occupy 25% of the market, because of the need of beef after fattening beef. China per capita consumption accounted for about 1/2 of the world, and the Yanbian area of the Yanbian cattle occupy a dominant position in the domestic market, to further enhance the Yanbian beef of the high-end market, the animal husbandry industry in the research field of this experiment is to extremely seriously. Study on Yanbian yellow cattle fattening cattle in different parts of the fatty acid composition characteristics and expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis. From the slaughtering performance of Yanbian cattle, fat The content of fatty acid composition, research on some aspects of gene expression. Select 6 head, health, weight, the same month the Yanbian yellow cattle fattening cattle, each cow were selected after hip, West cold, muscles, brain, neck, brisket, dried beef, dried meat 8 parts, each the Ministry were repeated 3 times, through the determination of differences in different parts of the intramuscular fat content and fatty acid content and structure, and myogenic factors and adipogenic factor gene expression, developmental changes of correlation analysis. Test results show that: (1) the slaughter performance: there was no significant difference between the groups (P0.05) (2) fat content in different parts: after hip, fat content was significantly lower than that of other parts (P0.05); on the areas of the brain, fat content is the highest, followed by breast meat, sirloin and muscle parts; there was no significant difference between other parts (P0.05). (3) fatty acid content of intramuscular fat myristic acid (C14:0). The highest content in hip muscle tissue; palmitic acid (C16:0) content of fatty acid in hip was significantly higher than that in the west after the cold, ophthalmoplegia, neck meat, dried meat (P0.05); stearic acid (C18:0) content in the West cold site was significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05); oleic acid (C18:1n9) content in general high content in the West in the cold was obviously higher than other parts (P0.05); linoleic acid (C18:2n6) content after hip was significantly higher than that in the west of cold, ophthalmoplegia, C18:2n6c content in the brain (P0.05); linolenic acid (C18:3) in hip C20:5 and C22:6 were significantly highest; the difference was not significant (4.) expression of myogenic factor mRNA MRF4 expression in the eye position: first, compared with other parts were significant difference (P0.05); the expression of MYF5 in brain parts of the first volume, in the neck position, expression was significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05), in the eye position, the expression of bovine thoracic region it was significantly higher than that of other parts (P0 .05; MY0D) and the expression of MYOG in bovine thoracic and sirloin were significantly higher than those in other parts of the body (P0.05). (5) the expression of lipogenic factor mRNA PPARr expression was the highest in sirloin parts, the PPARr content of muscle was significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05); SREBP1 in the neck, chest scale up cattle significantly higher than other groups (P0.05); C/EBP gene expression was the highest in sirloin parts; the highest expression level in GPR43 Niu Xiongzhong. (6) associated with fatty acid synthesis genes: AMPKa in the west of cold, ophthalmoplegia, expression of brain regions were significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05); the expression of CPT-1 in sirloin were significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05); the expression of SCD in muscle, bovine thoracic region was significantly higher than that of other parts (P0.05). Conclusion: the research to the different parts of the muscle tissue of Yanbian cattle fattening steers through this experiment: Yanbian cattle in different parts of the fatty acid content in muscle tissue and species There is difference between the areas of the brain, the highest palmitic acid content in Yanbian yellow cattle; West cold parts of the content of stearic acid and oleic acid were the highest; the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid content in the highest fat rump; factor PPARy, C/EBP, GPR43, SREBP and intramuscular fat content showed positive correlation, promote fat deposition; muscle MYOD, MYF5, MYOG, MRF4 gene and intramuscular fat showed negative correlation, inhibit fat deposition; fatty acid regulation factor SCD, AMPK, CPT-1P of intramuscular fat in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis effect; changes of fatty acid content in different parts of Yanbian cattle muscle tissue and fatty acids regulate gene expression the study on related differences. After the animal husbandry industry to improve the quality of beef in high-grade beef production has important significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823.81

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9 同仲彬;高產(chǎn)GABA乳酸菌的篩選應(yīng)用及包被GABA瘤胃穩(wěn)定性研究和對(duì)延邊黃牛血液相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響[D];延邊大學(xué);2016年

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