本文選題：DHCR24　切入點：中國西門塔爾牛　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：牛肉作為我國大眾日常飲食不可缺少的肉類品種，其較高的營養(yǎng)價值被大眾所認可，但目前國內(nèi)肉牛的繁殖和牛肉的生產(chǎn)呈現(xiàn)出下降的趨勢，提高肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率，生產(chǎn)更多安全優(yōu)質(zhì)的牛肉產(chǎn)品越來越成為制約該產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要問題。中國西門塔爾牛作為主要的肉乳兼用牛品種，具有良好的產(chǎn)肉性能和生長發(fā)育性能，在我國牛業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到廣泛的推廣應(yīng)用。隨著現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，采用分子育種技術(shù)對牛的肉用性狀的遺傳特性進行改進和提高，進而擴群選育已成為當前肉牛培育的研究熱點。本研究以牛肉質(zhì)和胴體性狀差異表達的DHCR24（3β-脫氫膽固醇-△24還原酶）基因為研究對象，在PCR-RFLP反應(yīng)條件優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上，建立中國西門塔爾牛DHCR24基因的多態(tài)性檢測方法，并進一步研究DHCR24基因單核苷酸突變不同基因型個體之間在牛肉質(zhì)和胴體性狀相關(guān)指標的差異。具體研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： 本實驗通過50頭中國西門塔爾牛作為試驗材料，在PCR-RFLP的反應(yīng)條件、反應(yīng)體系、試劑和酶切體系、條件、試劑進行優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上，建立DHCR24基因的多態(tài)性檢測方法。采用該方法對445頭中國西門塔爾牛進行基因型檢測，，分析與肉質(zhì)和胴體性狀的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明，多種肉質(zhì)和胴體性狀在DHCR24基因外顯子9的不同基因型之間有顯著差異。在445頭中國西門塔爾牛群體中，等位基因G為優(yōu)勢等位基因，GA為優(yōu)勢基因型。AA基因型個體與胴體深、胴體長和脂肪覆蓋率等性狀具有顯著相關(guān)性；雜合子GA基因型個體與大理石花紋、后蹄重和脂肪顏色性狀具有顯著相關(guān)性；野生純合子GG基因型個體與背膘厚、大腿肉厚、后腿圍、眼肌面積和腰部肉厚性狀具有顯著相關(guān)性。通過本研究可以對牛DHCR24基因外顯子的單核苷酸突變及相關(guān)肉用性狀變化進行研究，為中國西門塔爾牛的優(yōu)良性狀早期選擇及肉牛的MAS和分子育種提供了具體操作方法和參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Beef is an indispensable meat variety in our country, and its high nutritional value is recognized by the public. But at present, the breeding of beef cattle and beef production in China show a downward trend, and improve the production efficiency of beef industry. The production of more and more safe and high quality beef products has become an important problem restricting the development of the industry. As the main cattle breed for both meat and milk, Chinese Simmental cattle have good meat production performance and growth and development performance. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, the genetic characteristics of beef traits of cattle were improved and improved by molecular breeding technology. In this study, the DHCR24(3 尾 -Dehydrocholesterol 24 reductase (DHCR24(3 尾 -Dehydrocholesterol 24 reductase) gene, which was differentially expressed in beef and carcass traits, was used as the research object, and the PCR-RFLP reaction conditions were optimized. To establish a method for detection of DHCR24 gene polymorphism in Simmental cattle in China, and to further study the differences in beef quality and carcass traits among individuals with different genotypes of DHCR24 gene single nucleotide mutation. The specific research contents and results are as follows:. In this experiment, 50 Chinese Simmental cattle were used as experimental materials. The reaction conditions, reaction system, reagent and enzyme digestion system, conditions and reagents were optimized on the basis of PCR-RFLP reaction condition, reaction system, reagent and enzyme digestion system. A polymorphism detection method of DHCR24 gene was established. The genotypes of 445 Chinese Simmental cattle were detected by this method, and the correlation with meat quality and carcass traits was analyzed. Among 445 Chinese Simmental cattle populations, allele G was the dominant allele and GA was the dominant genotype. Traits such as carcass length and fat coverage were significantly correlated with heterozygote GA genotype individuals and marbling, hind hoof weight and fat color traits, wild homozygote GG genotype individuals and backfat thickness, thigh meat thickness, and homozygote GG genotype individuals had significant correlation with marbling pattern, hind hoof weight and fat color traits. There was a significant correlation between hind leg circumference, eye muscle area and waist meat thickness. The single nucleotide mutation in the exon of bovine DHCR24 gene and the changes of related meat traits could be studied in this study. The method and reference are provided for early selection of fine traits and MAS and molecular breeding of Chinese Simmental cattle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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