本文選題：鳳頭白鴨　切入點(diǎn)：連城白鴨　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)與鎮(zhèn)江市天成農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司在稻鴨共育制種過程發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種鴨突變體,其頭部后方的皮膚和羽毛上有一突出的隆起。據(jù)《事物紺珠》(明·黃一正1591年著,距今已有400多年)記載,我國曾有“頂有高毛、白毛、烏骨”的鳳頭鴨。源于這樣的思路,本課題組利用現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù),將鳳頭性狀導(dǎo)入連城白鴨,經(jīng)過4個(gè)世代選育,形成了烏嘴白羽鳳頭鴨——鳳頭白鴨(暫定名),其鳳頭性狀遺傳穩(wěn)定,大小一致。為了比較選育后的鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨種質(zhì)特性差異,本研究分別測(cè)定了兩個(gè)群體的不同周齡體重,10周齡體尺、屠宰性能、常規(guī)肉品質(zhì)、肌肉金屬元素等指標(biāo)；并利用微衛(wèi)星熒光標(biāo)記技術(shù)比較了兩個(gè)群體的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)差異；最后采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量技術(shù)對(duì)鳳頭性狀相關(guān)的基因Hoxc8. EphB2等在兩個(gè)群體各組織的表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。主要的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下：1.鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨生長發(fā)育飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,除了胸深,10周齡體重體尺大于連城白鴨,鳳頭白鴨8周齡前的體重增長速度比連城白鴨略快。2.鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨屠宰性能結(jié)果表明,除腿肌率外,鳳頭白鴨的各項(xiàng)屠宰性能均顯著高于連城白鴨；肉品質(zhì)測(cè)定結(jié)果顯示鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨的常規(guī)肉品質(zhì)指標(biāo)pH、剪切力、失水率沒有明顯差異；連城白鴨的胸肌蛋白和腿肌脂肪比例顯著高于鳳頭白鴨,而腿肌蛋白、水分低于鳳頭白鴨,其他營養(yǎng)成分兩者沒有明顯差異；連城白鴨的胸肌鎂含量顯著高于鳳頭白鴨,而鐵、銅、鋅含量兩者沒有明顯差異。總體上講,鳳頭白鴨的屠宰性能要高于連城白鴨,但肌肉常規(guī)肉品質(zhì)、肌肉營養(yǎng)成分、金屬元素含量差異不大。3.鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨12個(gè)微衛(wèi)星位點(diǎn)檢測(cè)和分析結(jié)果表明,除一個(gè)位點(diǎn)(AJ272578)外,鳳頭白鴨在8個(gè)微衛(wèi)星位點(diǎn)(AY493256.CM011.APH01.APL2.AJ515884.AJ272579. AJ272577.AY493289)上擁有更多的等位基因,而其他三個(gè)位點(diǎn)(／U515887.AJ515893. AY493313)等位基因數(shù)相同。鳳頭白鴨在Ne、He、Ho、PIC上的各項(xiàng)平均值也要高于連城白鴨。另外,鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨的Fis分別為-0.0184、0.0904,鳳頭白鴨表現(xiàn)出雜合子過剩,兩群體Fst為0.1982。鳳頭白鴨在12個(gè)微衛(wèi)星位點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)出更豐富的遺傳多樣性。4.鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨Hoxc8. EphB2、EphA2、EphA3基因在各組織表達(dá)結(jié)果表明,Hoxc8基因在鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨的背部皮膚和腎臟中有可見的表達(dá),背部的皮膚表達(dá)最高,且顯著高于頭部皮膚、心臟、肝臟等其他檢測(cè)組織；EphB2、EphA2、EphA3在鳳頭白鴨與連城白鴨共有組織中表達(dá)量相似。在鳳頭白鴨特有的組織鳳頭下皮膚中,Hoxc8基因表現(xiàn)出異常的高表達(dá)。在鳳頭白鴨特有的組織顱內(nèi)脂肪體中Hoxc8、EphB2、EphA2、 EphA3都有很高的表達(dá)。由此可見,Hoxc8、EphA2的異常高表達(dá)可能和鳳頭鴨的鳳頭性狀有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:A duck mutant discovered by Yangzhou University and Zhenjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in the process of rice-duck breeding, has a prominent uplift on the skin and feathers behind its head. It has been recorded for more than 400 years) that there were "high hair, white hair, black bones" ducks in our country. Based on this idea, our group used modern biotechnology to introduce the Fengtou traits into Liancheng white ducks, and after four generations of breeding, In order to compare the germplasm characteristics of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck after breeding, the genetic characteristics of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were stable and uniform. In this study, the body size, slaughter performance, meat quality and muscle metal elements of two populations were measured, and the genetic structure of the two populations was compared by microsatellite fluorescence labeling technique. In the end, the expression of Hoxc8. EphB2, a gene related to the traits of Fengtou, was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative technique. The main results were as follows: 1. The growth and development of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were studied. In addition to the body size of 10 weeks old of breast depth is larger than that of Liancheng white duck, the weight growth rate of Fengtou white duck before 8 weeks old is a little faster than that of Liancheng white duck. 2. The slaughter performance of Fengtou white duck and Liancheng white duck shows that, except for leg muscle rate, The meat quality of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck was significantly higher than that of Liancheng White Duck, and there was no significant difference in meat quality index pH, shear stress and water loss rate between Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. The ratio of breast muscle protein and leg muscle fat of Liancheng white duck was significantly higher than that of feng head white duck, while leg muscle protein, water content was lower than that of Feng head white duck, and there was no significant difference in other nutrients between them, and the content of magnesium in breast muscle of Liancheng white duck was significantly higher than that of feng head white duck, but iron was also found in Liancheng white duck. There was no significant difference in copper and zinc content between the two groups. On the whole, the slaughtering performance of white duck was higher than that of Liancheng white duck, but the meat quality and nutritional composition of muscle were higher than those of Liancheng white duck. The results of detection and analysis of 12 microsatellite loci of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck showed that except for one locus, Fengtou White Duck had more alleles on 8 microsatellite loci AY493256.CM011.APH01.APL2.AJ515884.AJ272577.AY493289). The other three loci (U515887.AJ515893.AY493313) alleles had the same number of alleles. The average values of each allele of Fengtou White Duck were also higher than that of Liancheng White Duck. In addition, the Fis of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were -0.01840.0904, respectively. The Fst of two populations was 0.1982.The genetic diversity of Fengtou White Duck showed more abundant genetic diversity at 12 microsatellite loci. 4. Hoxc8. EphB2EphA2EphA3 gene expression in all tissues showed that Hoxc8 gene was expressed in the back of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. There are visible expressions in the skin and kidneys, The skin on the back had the highest expression, and was significantly higher than the skin of the head, the heart, The expression of Hoxc8 gene was similar in the common tissues of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. The Hoxc8 gene expression was abnormal in the skin of Fengtou White Duck, and in the endemic tissue of Fengtou White Duck. Both Hoxc8 and EphB2EphA2 and EphA3 were highly expressed in intracranial adipose body. It can be concluded that the abnormal high expression of Hoxc8 EphA2 may be related to the hyphal traits of Fengtou Duck.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S834

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