本文選題：樹舌發(fā)酵浸膏　切入點(diǎn)：肉雞　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著微生態(tài)學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展,人們逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)通過調(diào)控腸道菌群,保持微生態(tài)平衡,維護(hù)腸道健康,是家禽健康成長的重要因素。近年來,黃芪多糖、靈芝多糖、香菇多糖等作為綠色安全飼料添加劑和免疫增強(qiáng)劑廣泛應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)。樹舌發(fā)酵浸膏(GAC)主要生物活性成分是多糖,本試驗(yàn)以GAC為材料,研究其對(duì)肉雞生長性能、腸道菌群、盲腸短鏈脂肪酸及pH值的影響。選用1日齡AA肉雞225只,隨機(jī)分為5個(gè)處理組,分別為:空白組(基礎(chǔ)日糧)、抗生素組(基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加5 mg/kg黃霉素)、3個(gè)劑量的GAC添加組(基礎(chǔ)日糧中分別添加1.57%、3.15%和6.29%的GAC),每個(gè)處理3組重復(fù),每組重復(fù)15只。試驗(yàn)期42天。1.GAC主要成分及活性成分多糖的測定,結(jié)果表明:GAC水分32.37%、粗蛋白4.8%、粗脂肪1.74%、粗纖維0.52%、粗灰分1.87%、無氮浸出物58.7%、鈣3.42%、磷1.66%、能量4.02 MJ·Kg-1,GAC多糖含量為3.18%。2.通過研究GAC對(duì)肉雞生長性能的影響,結(jié)果表明:在肉雞整個(gè)生長過程中GAC可以增加平均日增重,降低料肉比,GAC提高了肉雞生長性能。3.通過采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)研究GAC對(duì)肉雞盲腸食糜腸道菌群的影響,結(jié)果表明:1)根據(jù)沙門氏菌16S rDNA設(shè)計(jì)引物,成功構(gòu)建沙門氏菌的熒光定量PCR檢測方法。S-F(5′-3′):GTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA,S-R(5′-3′):CCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTG;20μL擴(kuò)增體系包括模板DNA 1μL,2X All-in-One Qpcr Mix 10μL,上、下游引物(10μmol/L)各0.4μL;擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)轭A(yù)變性95℃/3min;95℃/10s,61℃/30s,共40循環(huán);標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線為Y=-3.322*LOG(X)+48.89,R2=0.996,Eff.=100.0%,模板最低檢出限為3.36×102 copies/μL,融解曲線為單峰,變異系數(shù)為1.45%。2)在肉雞21日齡時(shí),各GAC添加組沙門氏菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),且隨著GAC添加量的增加對(duì)沙門氏菌生長抑制越好;各GAC添加組乳酸桿菌顯著高于空白組(P0.05),隨著GAC添加量的增加對(duì)乳酸桿菌的促增長作用越小。以上結(jié)果提示,GAC在肉雞生長早期能夠抑制沙門氏菌的生長,促進(jìn)乳酸桿菌的增殖。3)在肉雞42日齡時(shí),1.57%和6.29%GAC添加組沙門氏菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加組效果較好;各GAC添加組乳酸桿菌顯著高于空白組(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,GAC在肉雞生長后期仍然可以抑制沙門氏菌的生長,促進(jìn)乳酸桿菌的增殖。4.通過采用平板計(jì)數(shù)法研究GAC對(duì)肉雞盲腸食糜腸道菌群的影響,結(jié)果表明:1)在肉雞21日齡時(shí),各GAC添加組沙門氏菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加組大腸桿菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),各GAC添加組乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌顯著高于空白組(P0.05)。2)在肉雞42日齡時(shí),各GAC添加組沙門氏菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),3.15%和6.29%GAC添加組大腸桿菌顯著低于空白組(P0.05),各GAC添加組乳酸桿菌顯著高于空白組(P0.05),3.15%和6.29%GAC添加組雙歧桿菌顯著高于空白組(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,GAC在肉雞生長過程中可以促進(jìn)腸道乳酸桿菌和雙歧桿菌的增殖,抑制沙門氏菌和大腸桿菌的生長,具有改善腸道菌群的作用。5.通過研究GAC對(duì)肉雞盲腸短鏈脂肪酸的影響,結(jié)果表明:1)在肉雞21日齡時(shí),各GAC添加組盲腸乙酸、丙酸濃度顯著高于空白組(P0.05);6.29%GAC添加組盲腸丁酸濃度顯著高于空白組(P0.05),1.57%與3.15%GAC添加組能夠增加盲腸丁酸濃度,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。2)在肉雞42日齡時(shí),1.57%與6.29%GAC添加組盲腸乙酸、丙酸濃度顯著高于空白組(P0.05);各GAC添加組盲腸丁酸濃度顯著高于空白組(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,GAC在肉雞生長中能夠增加腸道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸濃度。6.通過研究GAC對(duì)肉雞盲腸pH值的影響,結(jié)果表明:1)在肉雞21日齡時(shí),6.29%GAC添加組肉雞盲腸p H值顯著低于空白組(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加組肉雞盲腸pH值顯著低于1.57%和3.15%GAC添加組(P0.05)。2)在肉雞42日齡時(shí),各GAC添加組肉雞盲腸pH值低于空白組,但無顯著差異(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示,GAC能夠降低肉雞盲腸pH值,使腸道處于偏酸性環(huán)境,利于肉雞腸道健康。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of micro ecology, people gradually found that by regulating the intestinal flora, keep the micro ecological balance, maintain intestinal health, is an important factor in the healthy growth of poultry. In recent years, astragalus polysaccharide, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, polysaccharide as letinous edodes green feed additive and immune enhancing agent widely used in animal feeding tree. The tongue fermentation extract (GAC) is the main bioactive components of polysaccharide, the experiment with GAC as material, the research on broiler growth performance, intestinal microflora, effects of caecal short chain fatty acid and pH value. The 1 AA broilers at the age of 225, were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, respectively: blank group (basal diet), antibiotic group (basic diets supplemented with 5 mg/kg Flavomycin), 3 doses of GAC added group (1.57%, were added to basal diet 3.15% and 6.29% GAC), each group 3 repeat, each repeated 15 test period. The main component of.1.GAC and 42 days live Determination of polysaccharide composition, the results show that GAC water 32.37%, crude protein 4.8%, crude fat 1.74%, crude fiber 0.52%, ash 1.87%, no 58.7%, nitrogen leaching of calcium phosphorus 3.42%, 1.66%, 4.02 MJ - Kg-1 energy GAC, the polysaccharide content was 3.18%.2. by studying the influence of GAC growth, to the the results showed that: in the broiler chicken during the growth of GAC can increase the average daily gain and decrease the ratio of feed and meat, GAC improved the growth performance of broiler.3. by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology research on GAC effect of broiler cecal digesta of intestinal flora results show that: 1) according to the Salmonella 16S rDNA primers,.S-F method fluorescence quantitative PCR detection of the successful construction of Salmonella (5 '-3'): GTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA, S-R (5 '-3'): CCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTG; 20 L amplification system including template DNA 1 L, 2X All-in-One Qpcr Mix 10 L, and the primers (10 mol/L) 0.4 L amplification; Procedures for predegeneration 95 DEG /3min; 95 degrees /10s, 61 degrees /30s, a total of 40 cycles; standard curve was Y=-3.322*LOG (X) +48.89, R2=0.996, Eff.=100.0%, template the lowest detection limit of 3.36 * 102 copies/ mu L, the melting curve is unimodal, the coefficient of variation is 1.45%.2) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC add a group of Salmonella were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), and with the increasing amount of GAC inhibited the growth of Salmonella is better; the addition of GAC lactobacillus were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05), with the increase of GAC amount of lactic acid bacteria growth effect is small. The above results suggest that the growth of GAC early can inhibit the growth of Salmonella in broiler, promotion of lactobacilli.3) in broilers at the age of 42 days and 1.57% Salmonella added in 6.29%GAC group were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added effect is good; the addition of GAC lactobacillus were significantly higher than the control group (P0. 05). These results suggest that GAC in the late growth stage of broiler still can inhibit the growth of Salmonella, promote the proliferation of Lactobacillus.4. by using the research method of plate counting GAC impact on the intestinal microflora of broiler cecal digesta results showed that: 1) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC group added Salmonella was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added Escherichia coli were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), the GAC group with the addition of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, the addition of GAC Salmonella was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), and 3.15% 6.29%GAC add a group of Escherichia coli were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), the GAC group added lactic acid bacteria were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05, 3.15%) and 6.29%GAC group added Bifidobacterium were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05). These results suggest that GAC can promote intestinal growth process in Broilers Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium proliferation, inhibition of Salmonella and Escherichia coli growth,.5. can improve intestinal flora by studying the effect of GAC on broiler caecum, short chain fatty acids. The results showed that: 1) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC group was added acetic acid, propionic acid concentration was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05); the concentration of 6.29%GAC group was significantly higher than the control group of butyric acid (P0.05), 1.57% with addition of 3.15%GAC can increase the cecal butyrate concentration, but the difference was not significant (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, 1.57% and 6.29%GAC were added to the cecum acetic acid, propionic acid concentration was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05); the concentration of GAC group was significantly higher than the control group of butyric acid (P0.05). These results indicated that GAC increased intestinal acetic acid in broiler growth can influence, propionic acid and butyric acid concentration of.6. by GAC on broiler cecal pH results showed that: 1) in 21 days broiler At the age of 6.29%GAC group P H added cecum of broilers was significantly lower than that of control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added broiler cecal pH value was significantly lower than 1.57% and the addition of 3.15%GAC (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, the addition of GAC broiler cecum pH was lower than that of the control group, but no significant difference (P0.05). These results suggest that GAC can reduce the pH value of the cecum of broilers, intestinal in acidic environment conducive to broiler intestinal health.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S831.5

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本文編號(hào)：1614433