本文選題：禽白血病　切入點：馬立克氏病　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：禽白血病(Avian Leukosis,AL)、馬立克氏病(Marek’s Disease,MD)、禽網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮組織增殖病(Reticuloendotheliosis,RE)三種腫瘤性疾病均由病毒感染機體后導(dǎo)致機體的多種臟器發(fā)生腫瘤性病變。禽白血病主要引起機體各種血細(xì)胞的癌變,馬立克氏病主要引起以淋巴細(xì)胞增生為主的病變,網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮組織增殖病主要引起機體以矮小綜合征、網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞增生、淋巴組織以及其他組織增生等多種表現(xiàn)形式的一種病理綜合征,三種疾病均可傳染。山東省作為我國的養(yǎng)殖大省,為了了解近3年以來山東省內(nèi)能夠引起禽三種腫瘤性疾病的四種病毒感染流行特點以及三種腫瘤性疾病各自發(fā)病特點,故采用ELISA、大體剖檢、病理組織學(xué)觀察、血液學(xué)分析、病毒分離、多重PCR等檢測方法隨機抽查了省內(nèi)12個地級市的1家祖代雞場、11家父母代雞場、12家商品代養(yǎng)雞場,品種包含了肉雞、蛋雞以及地方品種的肉用雞,共采集了血清/棉拭子1274份,活雞111只。針對AL的血清學(xué)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)AL在山東省內(nèi)普遍存在,而且各種品種的雞均有感染,主要以4種狀態(tài)存在,比例分別為:(1)抗體陽性、抗原陰性(Ab+,Ag-):11.85%(151/1274),說明此類類雞群體內(nèi)含有有效循環(huán)抗體,抑制病毒生長繁殖,比較安全;(2)抗體陰性、抗原陽性(Ab-,Ag+):7.14%(91/1274),說明此類雞群存在病毒血癥,能夠向體外排毒,對大群有水平傳播病毒的威脅;(3)抗體陽性、抗原陽性(Ab+,Ag+):0.16%(2/1274),說明病毒在感染機體后發(fā)生變異,對雞群有威脅,但變異率不高;(4)抗體陰性、抗原陰性(Ab-,Ag-):80.85%(1030/1274),說明此類雞群沒有感染過病毒,處于健康狀態(tài)。通過對收集的111只活雞的大體剖檢以及臨床觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤攜帶雞臨床表現(xiàn)主要為精神沉郁、消瘦,排白色或者灰綠色稀糞,其腫瘤病變主要發(fā)生于肝臟、脾臟、腎臟、腺胃等臟器,偶見于肺臟、心臟,肝臟、脾臟病變主要以腫大增生或者有明顯的腫瘤灶,腺胃主要病變?yōu)槟[大增生,未見由ALV-J感染造成的血管瘤病變,通過大體剖檢并與前幾年的調(diào)查比較發(fā)現(xiàn)近3年病毒在感染機體之后,腫瘤譜沒有發(fā)生較為明顯的改變。對典型腫瘤攜帶病例組織臟器的病理組織學(xué)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)各組織臟器的腫瘤類型主要是淋巴細(xì)胞瘤、髓細(xì)胞瘤、成紅細(xì)胞瘤。通過血液學(xué)檢測,腫瘤攜帶雞血液中白細(xì)胞數(shù)量會明顯上升,感染ALV的個體淋巴細(xì)胞或者髓細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯上升,感染MDV的個體淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量會明顯上升,因此,血液學(xué)檢測可以作為腫瘤性疾病的早期診斷。多重PCR檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)111只活雞均有病毒感染,其中ALV-A的陽性率為14.4%(16/111)、ALV-J陽性率為38.7%(43/111)、REV陽性率為17.1%(19/111)、MDV的陽性率為49.5%(55/111),MDV的感染率明顯上升。ALV-J與REV的雙重感染率為6.3%(7/111),ALV-J與MDV的雙重感染率為3.6%(4/111),沒有三重或者四重感染。從儲存典型病例的組織中共分離出5株ALV-J毒株,基因克隆測序之后,通過堿基及氨基酸序列比對發(fā)現(xiàn)5株病毒均與國內(nèi)毒株NX0101有較近的進化關(guān)系,說明近3年省內(nèi)ALV-J流行毒株變異不明顯。
[Abstract]:Avian leukosis (Avian Leukosis AL), Marek's disease (Marek 's Disease, MD), Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus (Reticuloendotheliosis, RE) three kinds of neoplastic disorders are caused by virus infection leads to multiple organ body tumor lesions. Avian white blood disease causes canceration of the body of blood cells Marek's disease, mainly caused by the proliferation of lymphocytes in lesions of reticuloendotheliosis virus mainly cause the body to short stature syndrome, reticular cell hyperplasia, lymphoid tissue and other tissues such as a pathological type of syndrome, three kinds of diseases can be contagious. Shandong province is one of the biggest farming province of China, in order to understand the nearly 3 years since Shandong province can cause three avian tumor diseases four kinds of virus infection and epidemic characteristics of three kinds of tumor diseases in their disease characteristics, so the use of ELISA, gross anatomy, Histopathological observation, analysis, hematology, virus isolation, detection method of multiple PCR random sample of 1 ancestral farms in 12 cities, 11 parent farms, 12 commercial farms, including varieties of broilers, laying hens and broiler breeds, were collected for serum / cotton swab 1274 chicken, 111. Serological detection for AL found AL prevalent in Shandong Province, and various breeds of chickens were infected, mainly exists in 4 states, respectively: (1) antibody positive and negative antigen (Ab+, Ag-): 11.85% (151/1274), such kind of chicken body contains effective circulating antibodies, inhibiting virus growth and reproduction, relatively safe; (2) negative antibody antigen positive (Ab-, Ag+): 7.14% (91/1274), which shows that the chickens are viremia, to in vitro detoxification, on group level of the spread of the virus threat; (3) antibody, antigen positive (Ab+, Ag+): 0.16% (2/1274), that the virus mutates in infection, a threat to the chickens, but the variation rate is not high; (4) negative antibody antigen negative (Ab-, Ag-): 80.85% (1030/1274), which shows that the chickens did not infected with the virus, in a state of health. The gross anatomy of 111 chickens collected and clinical observation, the tumor carrying chicken major clinical manifestations of depression, emaciation, rows of white or gray green loose stool, the tumor occurred mainly in the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach and other organs, occasionally seen in the lungs, heart, liver, spleen disease mainly to the enlargement of tumor or hyperplasia obviously, glandular stomach lesions were mainly infected by ALV-J swelling hyperplasia, no hemangioma lesions caused by gross necropsy, and compared with the survey a few years ago discovered nearly 3 years after the infection of virus in the body, no obvious tumor spectrum of change. Typical tumor cases carry organs histopathological observation showed that the tumor tissue was the main type of lymphoma, myeloma, red cell tumors. Detection of tumor carrying through the blood, the number of white blood cells in chicken blood will be significantly increased, the number of individuals infected with ALV lymphocytes or myeloid cells increased significantly, the number of individuals infected with MDV lymphocytes will be increased significantly, therefore, the blood test can be used for the early diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. Multiple PCR detected 111 chickens were infected, of which the positive rate of ALV-A was 14.4% (16/111), the positive rate of ALV-J was 38.7% (43/111), the positive rate of REV was 17.1% (19/111), the positive rate for MDV 49.5% (55/111), MDV infection rate increased significantly.ALV-J and double infection rate of REV was 6.3% (7/111), ALV-J and MDV double infection rate was 3.6% (4/111), no three or four heavy infection from storage. A total of 5 ALV-J strains were isolated from the typical cases. After cloning and sequencing, the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence comparison showed that the 5 viruses had close evolutionary relationship with the domestic strain NX0101, indicating that the prevalence of ALV-J epidemic strains in the province in the past 3 years was not obvious.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S857.4

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