本文關(guān)鍵詞： 苜蓿皂甙 小尾寒羊 生產(chǎn)性能 血清生化指標 免疫功能　出處：《河南科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：苜蓿皂甙是一種從苜蓿全草中提取得到的活性物質(zhì),現(xiàn)有研究表明其對人及畜禽均具有多種生物學活性,如降低膽固醇、抗氧化、提高免疫力及降血糖等,但目前尚無苜蓿皂甙在小尾寒羊體內(nèi)應(yīng)用的相關(guān)報道。因此本文以河南小尾寒羊為試驗動物,開展了苜蓿皂甙對其生產(chǎn)性能、血清生化指標及免疫功能影響的研究。試驗中選用20頭健康河南小尾寒羊,隨機均分為4組,對照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧,試驗1、2和3組則分別在基礎(chǔ)日糧的基礎(chǔ)上添加5、10和20g/kg的苜蓿皂甙,持續(xù)飼喂40天,飼喂前后及飼喂過程中記錄每組小尾寒羊體重的變化情況,考察苜蓿皂甙對小尾寒羊生產(chǎn)性能的影響;同時采集血清樣品,檢測19項生化指標及9種免疫因子的濃度。在飼喂期完全結(jié)束之后,宰殺每組小尾寒羊,采集其脾臟、心臟、肝臟、肺臟及全腎,計算器官指數(shù),同時采集每只小尾寒羊的背最長肌,比較苜蓿皂甙對羊肉品質(zhì)的影響。對不同處理組間小尾寒羊的生產(chǎn)性能、肉品質(zhì)、血清生化指標、免疫因子濃度及器官指數(shù)進行單因素方差分析,差別顯著者,利用LSD法或Duncan法進行多重比較。結(jié)果:(1)試驗2組小尾寒羊的平均日增重明顯大于(P0.05)對照組和試驗3組,但與試驗1組相比差異不顯著(P0.05),同時試驗2組中小尾寒羊背最長肌的滴水損失、蒸煮損失和剪切力顯著降低(P0.05),說明苜蓿皂甙能夠影響小尾寒羊的生產(chǎn)性能、改善羊肉品質(zhì),且日糧中以10g/kg的添加劑量為最佳;(2)在日糧中添加苜蓿皂甙后,小尾寒羊血清生化指標中的谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、總蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、血糖、甘油三酯、膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白、肌酸激酶和堿性磷酸酶等均會受到影響,且飼喂時間不同時苜蓿皂甙對這些生化指標的影響存在差異:短時間內(nèi)(持續(xù)飼喂14天),不同添加濃度的苜蓿皂甙均會在一定程度上降低小尾寒羊血清中膽固醇及低密度脂蛋白含量,但隨著飼喂時間的延長,苜蓿皂甙的該作用反而變得不明顯,甚至消失。此外,10g/kg添加濃度的苜蓿皂甙能夠降低小尾寒羊血清中谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶的濃度,具有一定的保肝作用。(3)苜蓿皂甙能夠提高小尾寒羊血清中Ig A、IgG、IgE、IgM、IL-1、IFN-α和IFN-β的濃度,且試驗2和3組中該作用表現(xiàn)明顯,此外不同添加水平的苜蓿皂甙均能顯著提高小尾寒羊的脾臟指數(shù)。(4)在日糧中添加10g/kg的苜蓿皂甙,持續(xù)飼喂14天,能夠有效降低小尾寒羊血清中的膽固醇和低密度脂蛋白含量,并顯著提高其血清中的免疫因子水平。結(jié)論:苜蓿皂甙對小尾寒羊的生長性能、肉品質(zhì)、血清生化指標及免疫功能II均會產(chǎn)生影響,且在日糧中以10g/kg的添加量持續(xù)飼喂14天為佳。
[Abstract]:Alfalfa saponin is a kind of active substance extracted from alfalfa. Current studies show that alfalfa saponins have many biological activities, such as lowering cholesterol, antioxidation, improving immunity and lowering blood sugar, etc. However, there is no report on the application of alfalfa saponins in small tail Han sheep. 20 healthy Henan small tail Han sheep were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed with basal diet. In experiment 1, group 2 and group 3 were fed with alfalfa saponins of 5 10 g / kg and 20 g / kg on the basis of basal diet for 40 days respectively. The changes of body weight of each group were recorded before and after feeding and during feeding. The effects of alfalfa saponins on the production performance of small tail Han sheep were investigated, the serum samples were collected and the concentrations of 19 biochemical indexes and 9 kinds of immune factors were detected. After the feeding period was complete, each group of small tail Han sheep was slaughtered, and their spleen and heart were collected. Liver, lung and whole kidney, organ index were calculated, and the longissimus dorsi muscle of each small tail Han sheep was collected at the same time. The effect of alfalfa saponin on the quality of mutton was compared. The production performance, meat quality and serum biochemical index of small tail Han sheep were compared among different treatment groups. The concentration of immune factor and organ index were analyzed by single factor ANOVA. The results showed that the average daily gain of small tail Han sheep in two groups was significantly higher than that in control group and test group 3. The results showed that the average daily gain of small tail Han sheep was significantly higher than that of control group and test group 3. But there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 1 (P 0.05). At the same time, the drop loss, cooking loss and shear stress of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the middle and small tail Han sheep decreased significantly in the second group, which indicated that alfalfa saponin could affect the production performance of small tail Han sheep and improve the quality of mutton. When alfalfa saponins were added to the diet, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol in serum of small tail Han sheep were determined. Low density lipoprotein, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase are all affected. The effects of alfalfa saponins on these biochemical indexes were different in different feeding time: in a short time (14 days of continuous feeding), alfalfa saponins of different concentrations could reduce cholesterol in serum of small tail Han sheep to a certain extent. And low density lipoprotein, However, with the prolongation of feeding time, the effect of alfalfa saponin was not obvious or even disappeared. In addition, 10 g / kg alfalfa saponin could decrease the concentration of alfalfa saponin in serum of small tail Han sheep. Alfalfa saponins could increase the concentration of IgMIL-1IFN- 偽 and IFN- 尾 in serum of small tail Han sheep. In addition, different levels of alfalfa saponins could significantly increase the spleen index of small tail Han sheep. The addition of 10 g / kg alfalfa saponin to the diet for 14 days could effectively reduce the cholesterol and low density lipoprotein content in the serum of small tail Han sheep. Conclusion: alfalfa saponin can affect the growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical index and immune function II of small tail Han sheep. 10 g / kg was added to the diet for 14 days.
【學位授予單位】：河南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S826.5

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