本文關(guān)鍵詞： 羊草 克氏針茅 糙隱子草 種內(nèi)競爭 種間競爭 競爭耗能　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：競爭作用的存在使得自然界中植物的形態(tài)、生活史都處于一個動態(tài)變化的過程中,從而導致整個群落結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生著變化。競爭被分為種間競爭和種內(nèi)競爭,其中種間競爭是導致植被演替和群落構(gòu)成的主要原因之一,因此,研究和探討典型草原優(yōu)勢種的競爭關(guān)系對草原退化及發(fā)展趨勢具有重要的意義。本文對錫林浩特毛登牧場3種主要優(yōu)勢種進行野外去除試驗與室內(nèi)控制試驗,利用去除法在野外條件設置羊草、克氏針茅、糙隱子草三種優(yōu)勢種單生與混生樣方,并對其高度、分蘗、生物量、進行測量記錄及競爭耗能的計算。在室內(nèi)對羊草與克氏針茅進行因素控制試驗,利用響應面法對不同混種比例、水分、密度條件下二者生長指標(包括高度、分蘗數(shù)、生物量)及競爭耗能進行研究分析。研究結(jié)果如下：(1)自然條件下,羊草單生高、分株數(shù)、生物量均小于混生狀態(tài),而克氏針茅和糙隱子草單生狀態(tài)3項指標均大于混生,且糙隱子草受到的競爭作用最強,耗能最多。(2)在低水分條件時,克氏針茅耐旱性強于羊草,因此干旱條件對克氏針茅生長影響相對較小,而對羊草影響較大；高水分時利于羊草生長,而對克氏針茅則不利。(3)羊草在高密度環(huán)境,占有較大比例時受到種內(nèi)競爭作用較強,而克氏針茅在高密度群落中若占有較大比例時,受到種內(nèi)競爭作用相對較�。辉诘兔芏葧r二者均能良好生長。(4)在群落中優(yōu)先占有較大比例者,會最終成為優(yōu)勝者,但由于種內(nèi)競爭和種間競爭的相互作用,又會使群落能夠保持相對穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。(5)羊草與克氏針茅等比混種,羊草耗能最少,以2：8混種,克氏針茅耗能最少；不同時期羊草與克氏針茅固定能量用于生長的能力有所不同,且二者正好相反,即羊草在結(jié)實期固定能量最多,而克氏針茅結(jié)實期固定能量最少,干枯期固定能量最多。到生長末期,羊草與克氏針茅耗能均增加。探討典型草原群落優(yōu)勢種之間的競爭關(guān)系,將有助于了解草原群落退化及演替的機制,同時也可預測草原群落未來的發(fā)展趨勢,從而為保護草原生態(tài)平衡和合理利用草地提供科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The existence of competition makes the form and life history of plants in nature in a dynamic process, which leads to the change of the whole community structure. Competition is divided into interspecific competition and intraspecific competition. Among them, interspecific competition is one of the main causes of vegetation succession and community composition. It is of great significance to study and discuss the competitive relationship of typical dominant grassland species for grassland degradation and development trend. In this paper, the field removal experiments and indoor control tests were carried out on three main dominant species in Maoden pasture of Xilinhaote. Three dominant species of Leymus chinensis, Stipa krsinensis and Cryptophagus strigella were set up in the field by the removal method, and their height, tiller and biomass were determined. The factors of Leymus chinensis and Stipa Kirschsoni were controlled by the method of response surface. The growth indexes (including height, tiller number) were measured by response surface method under the conditions of different mix proportion, moisture and density. The results were as follows: 1) under natural conditions, the single height, the number of ramet and the biomass of Leymus chinensis were all smaller than those of mixed species, while the three indexes of single growth of Stipa krjabini and Cryptophagus strigella were all higher than that of mixed species. In low water condition, the drought tolerance of Stipa krjabini is stronger than that of Leymus chinensis, so drought condition has relatively little effect on the growth of Stipa krjabini, but it has greater effect on Leymus chinensis. When water is high, it is beneficial to the growth of Leymus chinensis, but it is unfavorable to the growth of Stipa krjabini. (3) Leymus chinensis is more competitive in the high density environment, and when it occupies a larger proportion in the high density community, The relatively small effect of intraspecific competition; at low density, both of them could grow well. (4) those who preferentially occupied a larger proportion of the community would eventually become winners, but because of the interaction of intraspecific and interspecific competition, It will also keep the community in a relatively stable state. (5) Leymus chinensis and Stipa krjabini have the least energy consumption, and the energy consumption of Stipa krsini with 2: 8 hybrids is the least, and the ability of fixed energy between Leymus chinensis and Stipa Kirschsoni is different in different periods. And the opposite is true, that is, the fixed energy of Leymus chinensis is the most during the fruiting period, but the fixed energy is the least in the fruiting stage of Stipa Kirschsoni, and the fixed energy is the most in the dry period. The energy consumption of Leymus chinensis and Stipa Kirschsoni are both increased. It is helpful to understand the mechanism of grassland community degradation and succession and to predict the future development trend of grassland community by studying the competitive relationship between dominant species of typical grassland community. Therefore, it provides scientific basis for protecting grassland ecological balance and making rational use of grassland.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張艷楠;楊艷;董建軍;張慶;;論熱值在植物競爭研究中的應用[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2008年24期

2 馬春暉,韓建國,李鴻祥,毛培勝,戎郁萍;一年生混播草地生物量和品質(zhì)以及種間競爭的動態(tài)研究[J];草地學報;1999年01期

3 沈禹穎,李昀,陸妮;4種牧草種間競爭力和種間關(guān)系的研究[J];草業(yè)學報;2002年03期

4 張洪進,張夕林,嚴佑建;大豆與雜草競爭臨界期研究初報[J];大豆科學;1992年03期

5 徐光珍;毛登牧場《旱作人工草地》工程實施2年初見成效[J];內(nèi)蒙古草業(yè);1998年Z1期

6 沈健英;陸慶豐;;水稻與雜草競爭模式及其系統(tǒng)序參量的應用[J];上海交通大學學報(農(nóng)業(yè)科學版);2008年02期

7 劉美珍,蔣高明,于順利,李永庚,高雷明,牛書麗,姜闖道,彭羽;渾善達克退化沙地恢復演替18年中植物群落動態(tài)變化[J];生態(tài)學報;2004年08期

8 JamesB.Grace.,劉慶;關(guān)于植物競爭強度CI測定方法的評述[J];生態(tài)學雜志;1996年05期

9 王德利,高瑩;競爭進化與協(xié)同進化[J];生態(tài)學雜志;2005年10期

10 楊福囤,何海菊;高寒草甸地區(qū)常見植物熱值的初步研究[J];植物生態(tài)學與地植物學叢刊;1983年04期

，

本文編號：1529593