本文關鍵詞： 富硒 益生菌 蛋雞 復合菌制劑 冷凍干燥　出處：《昆明理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：硒是人體和動物體必須的微量元素之一,具有抗氧化,抗衰老,抑癌抗癌等功效。富硒益生菌具有有機硒和益生菌的雙重功效,活性高,毒性低,安全范圍廣,生物利用率高,環(huán)境污染小,因此被廣泛應用到富硒食品的研究生產中。我國大概有2/3的地區(qū)存在缺硒現(xiàn)象,因此在我國開發(fā)富硒食品很有必要。雞蛋是人類日常消費中最為普遍的優(yōu)質食品,富硒雞蛋由于富含有機硒而成為一種安全而有效的補硒方法。本文從雞腸道中分離獲得3株酵母菌和15株乳酸菌,并對其中產酸能力較好的11株乳酸菌進行16S rDNA測序及系統(tǒng)進化分析,結果表明它們分別屬于乳酸片球菌、植物乳桿菌、戊糖乳桿菌、干酪乳桿菌、唾液乳桿菌、屎腸球菌、融合魏斯氏菌。對其中9株乳酸菌進行無機硒耐受試驗表明,植物乳桿菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) YQRS菌株能在亞硒酸鈉含量為100μg/ml的平板上生長,且在不同的硒濃度情況下,菌落顏色相對于其它菌株菌落顏色要淺。進一步對以上9個菌株進行富硒能力比較表明,乳酸菌植物乳桿菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) YQRS菌株富硒能力最強,通過搖瓶培養(yǎng),其總硒含量達到2303.221μg/L。利用以上方法對3株酵母菌和兩株釀酒酵母進行耐硒和富硒能力比較表明,釀酒酵母FJYJM3菌株富硒能力最強,通過搖瓶培養(yǎng),總硒量達到5622.49g/L。對菌株YQRS和FJYJM3分別進行培養(yǎng)過程中最佳加硒濃度和最佳加硒時間研究表明,在亞硒酸鈉濃度為15μg/m時,YQRS菌株菌體總硒含量達到最高為2461.37μg/L。而在亞硒酸鈉濃度為20μg/ml時,FJYJM3菌株總硒含量達到最高為5155.491μg/L。YQRS菌株在接種后2h加入濃度為15μg/ml的亞硒酸鈉,其總硒含量最高,可達2300.29μg/,FJYJM3菌株是在接種后4h加入濃度為20μg/ml的亞硒酸鈉,總硒含量是最高的,總硒含量為5851.20 μg/L。將菌株YQRS和FJYJM3在含有亞硒酸鈉的培養(yǎng)基中混合培養(yǎng),分別將活的益生菌、滅活益生菌和亞硒酸鈉按不同的硒含量添加到日糧中。結果表明蛋雞的產蛋率、日采食量、平均蛋重、料蛋比差異不顯著(P≥0.05)。在日糧中添加0.4mg/kg(以硒計)活的益生菌使雞蛋中硒含量顯著提高了63.27%,平均蛋硒含量為0.320mg/kg。據(jù)報道,雞蛋中的硒含量在02mg/kg以上就屬于富硒雞蛋,而且也符合食品衛(wèi)生標準(GB 2762-2005)中的硒限量0.5mg/kg。最后本文探索利用冷凍干燥技術制備復合菌制劑,結果表明,以濃度為10%的脫脂乳和10%的蔗糖做復合保護劑時,菌體存活率最高。在常溫保存三個月存活率仍為50%以上。利用麥麩吸附技術劑制備復合菌制劑時,表明在常溫條件下保存存活率仍為50%以上。以上研究為生物菌劑的實際生產奠定了基礎。
[Abstract]:Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body and animal body. Selenium enriched probiotics have the dual functions of organic selenium and probiotics, high activity, low toxicity and wide safety range. Because of its high bioavailability and low environmental pollution, it has been widely used in the research and production of selenium-enriched foods. About 2/3 of the regions in China are deficient in selenium. Therefore, it is necessary to develop selenium-enriched food in China. Eggs are the most common high-quality food in human daily consumption. Selenium-enriched eggs have become a safe and effective method for selenium supplementation because of their rich in organic selenium. In this paper, three yeast strains and 15 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from chicken intestines. The 16s rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 11 lactic acid bacteria with good acid-producing ability showed that they belonged to Lactococcus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentose respectively. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus saliva, Enterococcus faecium, fusing Weiss's bacillus. Lactobacillus plantarum YQRS can grow on a plate containing 100 渭 g / ml sodium selenite. Under different selenium concentrations, the colony color was lighter than that of other strains. Further, the selenium enrichment ability of the above 9 strains was compared. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (YQRS) strain had the strongest selenium rich ability and was cultured in shaking flask. The total selenium content was 2303.221 渭 g / L. The selenium tolerance and selenium enrichment ability of three yeast strains and two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were compared with each other. Saccharomyces cerevisiae FJYJM3 strain had the strongest selenium-rich ability and was cultured in shaking flask. The total selenium content reached 5622.49 g / L. the optimum selenium concentration and the optimum selenium addition time of YQRS and FJYJM3 were studied respectively. When the concentration of sodium selenite was 15 渭 g / m, the total selenium content of YQRS strain was 2461.37 渭 g / L, while the concentration of sodium selenite was 20 渭 g / ml. The highest total selenium content of FJYJM3 strain was 5155.491 渭 g / L YQRS at 2h after inoculation with sodium selenite (15 渭 g / ml). 2300.29 渭 g / r FJYJM3 strain added 20 渭 g / ml sodium selenite at 4 h after inoculation, and the total selenium content was the highest. The total selenium content was 5851.20 渭 g / L. The strains YQRS and FJYJM3 were mixed in the medium containing sodium selenite and the viable probiotics were cultured respectively. Inactivated probiotics and sodium selenite were added to the diet with different selenium content. The results showed that laying rate, daily intake and average egg weight of laying hens. There was no significant difference in feed to egg ratio (P 鈮，

本文編號：1491033