本文關(guān)鍵詞： 犢牛 燕麥干草 生產(chǎn)性能 瘤胃發(fā)育　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：開食料對(duì)犢牛瘤胃的早期發(fā)育至關(guān)重要。然而,哺乳期犢牛只飼喂開食料又會(huì)對(duì)犢牛的瘤胃發(fā)育帶來種種不利因素(瘤胃乳頭角化不全等)。而干草的添加能夠減緩甚至消除這種狀況,促進(jìn)犢牛瘤胃的健康快速發(fā)育。因此,本試驗(yàn)旨在給哺乳犢牛飼喂開食料的基礎(chǔ)上,通過生長(zhǎng)性能測(cè)定與屠宰試驗(yàn),測(cè)定犢牛的體增重、采食量、體尺指標(biāo)、采食行為、瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)、屠宰指標(biāo)等,探討干草的添加時(shí)期對(duì)犢牛生產(chǎn)性能和瘤胃發(fā)育的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)如下:試驗(yàn)以燕麥干草為干草源。選用18頭荷斯坦奶公犢(試驗(yàn)過程中淘汰一頭),體重40kg左右,隨機(jī)分為三組,每組6頭。日糧處理如下:1.對(duì)照組只飼喂牛奶和開食料(MS);2.在飼喂牛奶和開食料的基礎(chǔ)上,從第二周添加干草(MSO2);3.在飼喂牛奶和開食料的基礎(chǔ)上,從第六周添加干草(MSO6)。自由采食開食料和飲水。每天兩次飼喂牛奶,每次2L。所有犢牛單欄飼養(yǎng),均在63日齡斷奶,試驗(yàn)結(jié)束。每天記錄犢牛的采食量和腹瀉情況。每?jī)芍軠y(cè)量體重和體尺,并采集血清測(cè)定生化和激素指標(biāo)、瘤胃液測(cè)量瘤胃pH和揮發(fā)性脂肪酸濃度。試驗(yàn)結(jié)束前5d,觀察犢牛的采食行為。試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí),每組隨機(jī)選擇3頭犢牛進(jìn)行屠宰。屠宰后稱量各個(gè)胃腸道器官的重量、取瘤胃上皮樣品做切片觀察。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,添加干草組犢牛的總的干物質(zhì)采食量(DMI)、開食料DMI顯著高于MS組(P0.01);而MSO2組犢牛的平均日增重(ADG)顯著高于其他兩組(P0.05);同時(shí),犢牛的ADG隨日齡的增加而顯著增加。三個(gè)處理組間犢牛的體尺指標(biāo)在各個(gè)周齡階段均差異不顯著(P0.05),各指標(biāo)均隨著日齡的增加而增加(P0.01)。MSO6組犢牛的血清血糖濃度和β-羥丁酸濃度顯著低于MS組和MSO2組(P0.05)。添加干草組的犢牛反芻時(shí)間顯著高于沒添加干草組(P0.01)(MSO2:MS和MSO6:MS分別為2.63、2.02),而花在非營(yíng)養(yǎng)性采食行為上的時(shí)間卻顯著低于MS組(P0.05)(MSO2:MS和MSO6:MS分別為0.71和0.75)。干草的添加對(duì)犢牛的腹瀉沒有影響(P0.05)。添加干草組犢牛趨于有較高的瘤胃液pH,且隨著日齡的增加而降低(P0.01);而總的VFA濃度處理組間差異不顯著(P0.05),隨著日齡的增加而增加(P0.01)。MSO2組有較大的空體重占體重比重(P0.05)和總的胃腸道重(P0.05)以及復(fù)胃空重(P0.05);而MSO6組的胃重和各消化道器官中均與MS類似(P0.05)。犢牛的容積大小各處理組間差異不顯著(P0.05),但數(shù)值上MSO2MSO6MS(依次為8.1L、7.4L、5.8L)。相比MS組,MSO2組和MSO6組顯著降低了瘤胃乳頭的寬度(P0.05)和瘤胃上皮的厚度(P0.05);而MSO6組瘤胃角質(zhì)層厚度顯著低于MS組(P0.01);MS組明顯出現(xiàn)了斑塊的現(xiàn)象,而添加干草組犢牛沒有�？偟膩碚f,添加干草增加了犢牛的DMI,增加了反芻行為,減少了非營(yíng)養(yǎng)性采食行為,保證了犢牛瘤胃的健康發(fā)育;但就干草添加時(shí)期而言,第二周添加干草組比第六周添加組犢牛在生產(chǎn)性能和瘤胃發(fā)育上表現(xiàn)要好。
[Abstract]:Diet is essential for early rumen development in calves. The feeding of lactating calves will bring all kinds of unfavorable factors to the rumen development of calves (rumen nipple keratosis etc.) and the addition of hay can slow down or even eliminate this condition. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to feed the suckling calves with open food, and to determine the body weight gain, feed intake and body size index of the calves through growth performance test and slaughter test. Feeding behavior, rumen fermentation parameters, slaughter index and so on. To investigate the effect of the adding period of hay on the production performance and rumen development of calves, the design of the experiment was as follows: the dry oats were used as the hay source and 18 Holstein milk bulls were selected (one was eliminated in the course of the experiment). The body weight was about 40 kg and was randomly divided into three groups, 6 in each group. The diet was treated as follows: 1. The control group was fed only milk and food. 2. On the basis of feeding milk and diet, adding hay mso _ 2 from the second week; 3. On the basis of feeding milk and raw food, we added hay mSO6 from 6th weeks, fed free food and drinking water, and fed milk twice a day, 2L. all calves were fed in a single column. Feed intake and diarrhea of calves were recorded every day. Body weight and body size were measured every two weeks and serum was collected to determine biochemical and hormone indexes. Rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentration were measured in rumen fluid. The feeding behavior of calves was observed 5 days before the end of the trial. Three calves were slaughtered randomly in each group. After slaughter, the weight of each gastrointestinal organ was weighed, and the rumen epithelium samples were taken for slice observation. The total dry matter intake (DMI) of calves supplemented with hay group was significantly higher than that of MS group (P 0.01). The average daily gain of calves in MSO2 group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. At the same time, the ADG of calves increased significantly with the increase of day age. There was no significant difference in body size of calves among the three treatment groups at each week age stage (P0.05). The serum glucose and 尾 -hydroxybutyric acid concentrations of calves increased with the increase of age (P 0.01) and 尾 -hydroxybutyric acid (尾 -hydroxybutyric acid) were significantly lower than those in MS and MSO2 groups (P 0.05). The rumination time of calves added with hay group was significantly higher than that of control group (P 0.01 MSO 2: MS and MSO6:MS 2.63, respectively). 2.02). However, the time spent on non-nutritional feeding behavior was significantly lower than that in MS group (P 0.05), MSO2: Ms and MSO6:MS were 0.71 and 0.75, respectively. The addition of hay had no effect on diarrhea of calves. The pH of rumen fluid tended to be higher in calves added with hay. And with the increase of age, the P0.01U decreased. However, there was no significant difference in total VFA concentration among groups (P0.05). With the increase of age, there were larger proportion of empty weight to body weight (P0.05), total weight of gastrointestinal tract (P0.05) and recombination of empty weight of stomach (P0.05) in P0.01U 路MSO2 group. However, the gastric weight and digestive organs in MSO6 group were similar to those in MS (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of calves among different groups (P 0.05). But the value of MSO2MSO6MSwas 8.1L / L 7.4L / L 5.8L / L respectively, which was higher than that of MS group. The width of rumen papilla and the thickness of rumen epithelium were significantly decreased in MSO2 and MSO6 groups. The thickness of rumen cuticle in MSO6 group was significantly lower than that in MS group (P 0.01). In MS group, plaque was found obviously, but not in the group of adding hay. In general, the addition of hay increased the DMIs of the calves, increased the ruminant behavior and reduced the non-nutritional feeding behavior. It ensures the healthy development of rumen of calves. However, in terms of the period of hay addition, the second week plus hay group was better than the 6th week group in terms of performance and rumen development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823.5

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