發(fā)布時間：2018-01-28 21:52

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 伊犁谷地 草地退化 因子分析 防治對策　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：草原作為人類重要的自然和經(jīng)濟資源,如果能夠被充分合理利用,將會給牧民生活帶來非常重大的經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)效益。伊犁谷地擁有很豐富草地資源,但是長期以來,在各種因素的綜合作用下,草原出現(xiàn)了嚴重退化,導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化,影響著草原畜牧業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展和牧民收入。因此,研究草地退化原因和分析防治退化策略,對促進草地資源的可持續(xù)利用,具有十分可觀的現(xiàn)實意義。本文在研究分析草地退化因子的基礎(chǔ)上,探討了防治草地退化的有效對策。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)引起伊犁谷地草地退化的自然因子中氣候因子的影響較小,鼠蟲害的影響較大。社會經(jīng)濟因子理論分析結(jié)果得知,伊犁谷地社會經(jīng)濟因子是導(dǎo)致草地退化的主要原因,由于人口數(shù)量增加,過度放牧,樵采過度等不合理的草地利用造成草地退化。其次,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一和牧民收入低等因素導(dǎo)致草地退化越來越嚴重。(2)從因子分析結(jié)果得知,引起伊犁谷地草地退化的主要社會經(jīng)濟因子有:人口數(shù)量、牲畜總數(shù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、牧民人均純收入�；疑P(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果表明其影響程度,從大到小依次為:牲畜總數(shù)、人口數(shù)量、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、牧民人均純收入。(3)根據(jù)以上研究分析結(jié)果,從七個方面提出了防治草地退化的有效對策。通過計劃生育、以草定畜等手段抑制人口和牲畜數(shù)量的增長,減輕草地人口和牲畜壓力;科學(xué)合理利用天然草地,加強嚴重退化草地建設(shè),保護輕度、中度退化草地,加大人工草地建植力度,提高草地生產(chǎn)力;改造牧區(qū)第一產(chǎn)業(yè),發(fā)展現(xiàn)代畜牧業(yè),合理調(diào)整畜牧業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),加強牧業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和高水平飼料工業(yè)建設(shè),促進產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營;加強以畜產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)為主的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,積極發(fā)展特色旅游業(yè),推動牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長;加快機構(gòu)建設(shè)步伐,培養(yǎng)科技隊伍,提高科技成果實際利用率,設(shè)立健全培訓(xùn)機制,推廣科學(xué)技術(shù);做好草地蝗蟲害和鼠害的防治工作,改善草地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度;強化牧民草地生態(tài)環(huán)境保護意識,防治草地資源持續(xù)退化。
[Abstract]:Grassland as an important natural and economic resources of human, if it can be fully and reasonably utilized, it will bring great economic and ecological benefits to herdsmen's life. Yili Valley has rich grassland resources. But for a long time, under the comprehensive action of various factors, grassland appeared serious degradation, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment, affecting the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry and herdsmen income. It is of great practical significance to study the causes of grassland degradation and to analyze the strategies of controlling grassland degradation, which is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable utilization of grassland resources. In this paper, the factors of grassland degradation are studied and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the natural factors of grassland degradation in Yili Valley have little effect on climate factors. The social and economic factors of Yili valley are the main causes of grassland degradation, because of the increase of population, overgrazing. Unreasonable grassland utilization caused grassland degradation. Secondly, the single industrial structure and low income of herdsmen caused grassland degradation more and more serious. The main social and economic factors causing grassland degradation in Yili valley are population, total livestock, industrial structure and per capita net income of herdsmen. The order from big to small is: total livestock, population, industrial structure, per capita net income of herdsmen. The effective countermeasures of preventing and controlling grassland degradation were put forward from seven aspects. By means of family planning, the increase of population and livestock was restrained and the pressure of grassland population and livestock was alleviated. Scientific and rational utilization of natural grassland, strengthening of seriously degraded grassland construction, protection of mild and moderate degraded grassland, increasing the establishment of artificial grassland, improving grassland productivity; To transform the primary industry of pastoral areas, develop modern animal husbandry, rationally adjust the structure of animal husbandry, strengthen the construction of animal husbandry infrastructure and high level feed industry, and promote industrialization management; We should strengthen the development of the secondary industry, which is dominated by the processing industry of livestock products, actively develop the tourism with characteristics, and promote the economic growth of pastoral areas. Speed up the pace of institutional construction, train the scientific and technological team, improve the actual utilization rate of scientific and technological achievements, establish and improve the training mechanism, and promote science and technology; To do a good job in the prevention and control of grasshopper and rodent damage and to improve the grassland property rights system; Strengthen herdsmen grassland ecological environmental protection consciousness, control grassland resources continue to degenerate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 楊汝榮;我國西部草地退化原因及可持續(xù)發(fā)展分析[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2002年01期

2 李世英;蕭運\，

本文編號：1471645