本文關(guān)鍵詞： 肉雞 微生物型除臭劑 飼料添加劑 NH3 H2S 枯草芽胞桿菌　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也始終保持在較快的發(fā)展水平,但畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)所帶來的環(huán)境污染也與日俱增。雞舍內(nèi)的氨氣、硫化氫等不良?xì)怏w不僅會危害畜牧養(yǎng)殖工作人員的身體健康;還會增加肉雞的患病幾率,影響疫苗的免疫應(yīng)答,對肉雞的生長發(fā)育和機(jī)體健康產(chǎn)生威脅。世界各國針對畜禽污染現(xiàn)狀都各自采取了相應(yīng)的措施。國內(nèi)外畜禽除臭劑主要有體外除臭劑和體內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)劑兩大類。體外除臭劑根據(jù)作用方式的不同分為物理型除臭劑、化學(xué)性除臭劑、生物型除臭劑等三類。體內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)劑根據(jù)來源類型的不同可以分為酶類除臭劑、植物型除臭劑和微生物型除臭劑。生物型除臭劑,通常以飼用微生物的形式額外添加至飼料中,它可以將動物體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的氨氣、硫化氫、甲烷等有害氣體吸收,使排泄物中的有害成分降低,減少臭氣的產(chǎn)生,降低飼料浪費(fèi)情況,顯著提高動物的機(jī)體健康水平,增強(qiáng)動物的生產(chǎn)性能。因此,微生態(tài)制劑類除臭劑的使用是從源頭和根本上來解決動物養(yǎng)殖過程中有害氣體的排放,并在減少排放的同時,提高養(yǎng)殖效益。本文以國家允許飼喂的微生物為研究對象,人工模擬肉雞胃腸道環(huán)境初篩出具有良好肉雞消化道耐受性的微生物菌株:釀酒酵母、產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母、枯草芽孢桿菌、地衣芽孢桿菌、糞腸球菌、凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌;篩選出能夠有效利用NH3的菌株:釀酒酵母、產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母、糞腸球菌、凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌、地衣芽孢桿菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、黑曲霉、米曲霉、米曲霉X、康寧木霉、綠色木霉。以菌株具有高產(chǎn)蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纖維素酶的能力為復(fù)篩條件,篩選得到的5種菌株:產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母、枯草芽孢桿菌、地衣芽孢桿菌、糞腸球菌、凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌。并將它們用于進(jìn)行飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),環(huán)境監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn),檢測飼喂后糞便中大腸桿菌、雙歧桿菌和乳酸菌的數(shù)量與飼喂前相比是否有變化。添加微生物前后分別檢測糞便中NH3、H2S。得到單菌和雙菌組合中能夠有效降低氨氣排放量的是枯草芽孢桿菌去除率達(dá)到61.7%。其次是產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母去除率達(dá)到56.6%,再次為產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母與凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌雙菌組合,去除率達(dá)到38.7%。在降低H2S含量方面,腸糞球菌效果較好,去除率達(dá)到27.0%,其次是枯草芽孢桿菌,去除率為24.3%,而產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母去除率為18.9%。測定糞便中粗蛋白含量后得到腸糞球菌的粗蛋白含量為11.89g,雙菌組合產(chǎn)朊假絲酵母與凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌的粗蛋白含量為11.80g,飼料消化率最高。
[Abstract]:With the economic development of our country, the livestock breeding industry has always maintained a relatively fast development level, but the environmental pollution caused by the livestock breeding industry is also increasing day by day. Hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases will not only endanger the health of livestock and breeding staff; It also increases the risk of broiler disease and affects the immune response of the vaccine. All countries in the world have taken corresponding measures in view of the present situation of livestock and poultry pollution. There are two kinds of deodorant in domestic and international livestock and poultry deodorant: in vitro deodorant and in vivo deodorant. Deodorant is divided into physical deodorant according to the different way of action. Chemical deodorant, biological deodorant and so on. According to the source type, the regulator can be divided into enzymatic deodorant, plant deodorant and microbial deodorant, biological deodorant. It can absorb the harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane and so on, so that the harmful components in excreta can be reduced and the formation of odor can be reduced. Reduce the waste of feed, significantly improve the health of animals, enhance the performance of animals. The use of microecological deodorants is to solve the emission of harmful gases in animal breeding process from the source and fundamental, and at the same time reduce emissions. In order to improve the efficiency of breeding, the microbes allowed by the state as the research object, artificial simulation of the gastrointestinal tract environment of broilers to screen out a good tolerance of the digestive tract microbial strain: Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Candida prion Bacillus subtilis Bacillus licheniformis Enterococcus faecalis Bacillus coagulans; The strains that can effectively utilize NH3: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae. Trichoderma kangning, Trichoderma viridis. With the ability of producing protease, amylase and cellulase as screening conditions, five strains were screened: Candida prion, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, and they are used in feeding experiments, environmental monitoring experiments, the detection of fecal Escherichia coli after feeding. The number of bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria was different from that before feeding. NH3 in feces was detected before and after microorganism addition. The removal rate of Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion was 61.7 and 56.6% respectively. The third is the combination of Candida prion and Bacillus coagulans, the removal rate is 38.7. In reducing the content of H _ 2S, Enterococcus faecalis has a better effect, the removal rate is up to 27.0%. The next was Bacillus subtilis, the removal rate was 24.3g, and the removal rate of Candida prion was 18.9.The crude protein content of Enterococcus faecalis was 11.89g after determining the crude protein content in feces. The crude protein content of Candida prion and Bacillus coagulans was 11.80 g, and the feed digestibility was the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816.7

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本文編號：1459166