【摘要】：毒品成癮(drug addiction)指不擇手段、不記后果地強制性地獲取、使用某種毒品(drug)。毒品成癮的形成是一個綜合性的過程，受多種因素調(diào)控，既受心理性、社會性因素影響，也受基因遺傳性因素影響。毒品成癮一旦形成，即可能成為一種終生性的狀態(tài)。成癮者不擇手段地攫取(crave)毒品，具有極高的復(fù)發(fā)性(relapse)，甚至在戒斷(abstinence)多年后仍有可能復(fù)發(fā)(relapse)，造成很大的社會問題。毒品成癮的形成是一個循序漸進(jìn)的過程，在此過程，機(jī)體在分子、細(xì)胞學(xué)水平發(fā)生了代償性變化，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致成癮的一系列癥狀。毒品成癮的核心問題是長期使用成癮藥物后，中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生可塑性變化，而這種可塑性變化的基礎(chǔ)是基因和分子水平的變化。 業(yè)已證明，包括阿片類、可卡因在內(nèi)的多種毒品成癮的共同神經(jīng)生物學(xué)特點是激活多巴胺系統(tǒng)。迄今，已克隆出5種多巴胺受體，分為兩大類：D1類和D2類。D1類受體包括D1和D5受體，而D2類受體包括D2、D3和D4受體。D1多巴胺受體是體內(nèi)分布最廣泛的受體，主要分布于紋狀體、NAc與嗅球，同時在邊緣系統(tǒng)、下丘腦與丘腦中也有表達(dá)。D3多巴胺受體主要分布于伏核(nucleus accumbens，NAc)，嗅球與Calleja島，同時在尾殼核(caudoputamen，CPu)也有一定的表達(dá)。D2多巴胺受體的分布與D1類似，，而D4和D5多巴胺受體在體內(nèi)的表達(dá)很低。阿片類、可卡因等毒品通過多巴胺受體影響細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號傳導(dǎo)通路，而影響基因的表達(dá)，這些基因表達(dá)的變化參與神經(jīng)元可塑性(neuron
[Abstract]:Drug addiction (drug addiction) refers to the compulsory acquisition, regardless of the consequences, of the use of some kind of drug, (drug)., by any means, without regard to the consequences. The formation of drug addiction is a comprehensive process, which is regulated by many factors, not only by psychological and social factors, but also by genetic factors. Once drug addiction is formed, it may become an end-of-life state. Addicts seize (crave) drugs by any means, and have a very high level of recurrent (relapse), which may still cause great social problems even after abstinence from (abstinence) for many years. The formation of drug addiction is a gradual process, in which the body has undergone compensated changes at the molecular and cellular levels, which leads to a series of symptoms of addiction. The core problem of drug addiction is that after long-term use of addictive drugs, the central nervous system produces plastic changes, which are based on changes in gene and molecular levels. Common neurobiological characteristics of drug addiction, including opioids and cocaine, have proven to be the activation of the dopamine system. So far, five dopamine receptors have been cloned and divided into two categories: D1 and D2. D1 receptors include D1 and D5 receptors, while D2 receptors include D2, D2 and D4 receptors. D1 dopamine receptors are the most widely distributed receptors in vivo. It is mainly distributed in striatum, NAc and olfactory bulb, and is also expressed in limbic system, Hypothalamus and thalamus. D 3 dopamine receptor is mainly distributed in nucleus accumbens (nucleus accumbens,NAc), olfactory bulb and Calleja island, as well as in putamen tail putamen (caudoputamen,). The distribution of D2 dopamine receptors was similar to that of D1, while the expression of D4 and D5 dopamine receptors was very low in vivo. Opioids, cocaine and other drugs affect intracellular signal transduction pathway and gene expression through dopamine receptors. The changes of these gene expression are involved in neuronal plasticity (neuron).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R392

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 任二軍;藍(lán)狐自咬癥及遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2011年

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