【摘要】：西尼羅病毒(West Nile Virus，WNV)屬于黃病毒科(Flavixiridae)黃病毒屬(Flavivirus)及乙腦抗原復合組，它可引起人類的西尼羅熱或西尼羅腦炎(West Nile Fever／West Nile Encephalitis)，該病是一種由蚊蟲傳播的重要的自然疫源性疾病。西尼羅病毒在全球的分布比較廣泛，主要分布于非洲、中東、西亞和歐洲南部的一些國家。1999年美國紐約爆發(fā)了西尼羅熱，引起了人們的普遍的關(guān)注，提出西尼羅病毒的擴散是一個新的全球性的公共衛(wèi)生問題�，F(xiàn)階段針對西尼羅病毒仍無有效的疫苗進行預防，控制媒介蚊蟲成為預防及控制西尼羅熱爆發(fā)的主要手段，因此研究蚊蟲傳播西尼羅病毒就受到重視，其中兼吸人血和鳥血的蚊蟲如白紋伊蚊等對西尼羅病毒的傳播研究尤其受到重視。目前，野外分離及實驗室的多項研究均證明白紋伊蚊等多種蚊蟲可以傳播西尼羅病毒(Mcimosh Jupp，1982；Turell et al，2001；等等)，迄今在我國仍未見到白紋伊蚊等蚊蟲傳播西尼羅病毒方面的研究報道；此外，由于白蚊伊蚊的卵能以滯育的形式度過諸多不良環(huán)境，因此西尼羅病毒能否在白紋伊蚊的滯育卵內(nèi)存活并傳遞也具有重要意義，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)西尼羅病毒能經(jīng)卵傳遞(Baqar et al，1993)，但對能否在白紋伊蚊滯育卵內(nèi)存活并傳遞卻未見研究報道。 本研究以埃及伊蚊和白紋伊蚊4個地理株為對象，經(jīng)口感染大劑量WNV，經(jīng)過12-14天的飼養(yǎng)，再進行傳播實驗，用RT-PCR、C6／36細胞分離病毒及IFA檢測蚊蟲體內(nèi)及被感染蚊蟲刺叮的來亨雞體內(nèi)的病毒，計算各試驗蚊蟲的感染率和傳播率，以期證實西尼羅病毒在我國的潛在伊蚊媒介以及白紋伊蚊不同地理株在傳播西尼羅病毒中的作用；同時收集經(jīng)口感染病毒的白紋伊蚊的三個生殖營養(yǎng)周環(huán)的卵，在實驗室條件下模擬冬季相對低溫、短光照(4℃、L／D=8／16)及干燥的自然環(huán)境條件(50％RH、75％RH)，誘導部分卵滯育，另一部分采用實驗室常規(guī)保存條件，在常溫條件下給以干燥處理(25℃、75％ RH、L／D=14／10)，利用RT-PCR、C6／36細胞
[Abstract]:West Nile virus (West Nile Virus,WNV) belongs to (Flavivirus) and Japanese encephalitis antigen complex group of (Flavixiridae), which can cause (West Nile Fever/West Nile Encephalitis), of West Nile fever or encephalitis of West Nile in humans. The disease is an important natural epidemic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The West Nile virus is widely distributed around the world, mainly in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, West Asia and southern Europe. In 1999, the outbreak of West Nile fever in New York, the United States, caused widespread concern. The spread of West Nile virus is a new global public health problem. At this stage, there is still no effective vaccine for the prevention of the West Nile virus, and the control of vector mosquitoes has become the main means of preventing and controlling the outbreak of West Nile fever. Therefore, the study on the transmission of West Nile virus by mosquitoes has received much attention. Both human and bird blood-sucking mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, have been paid special attention to the study of the transmission of West Nile virus. At present, field isolation and laboratory studies have shown that many mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, can transmit the West Nile virus (Mcimosh Jupp,1982;Turell et al,2001;). So far, there are no reports on the transmission of West Nile virus by Aedes albopictus and other mosquitoes in China. In addition, since the eggs of Aedes albopictus can pass through many adverse environments in the form of diapause, it is of great significance whether the West Nile virus can survive and transmit in the diapause eggs of Aedes albopictus, It has been found that West Nile virus can transmit (Baqar et al,1993 through eggs, but there is no report on whether it can survive and transmit in diapause eggs of Aedes albopictus (Aedes albopictus). In this study, 4 geographical strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were used to study the transmission of high-dose WNV, by mouth after 12 days of feeding, and then the transmission experiment was carried out with RT-PCR,. Virus isolation and IFA were used to detect the virus in mosquitoes and infected Leghorn chickens. The infection rate and transmission rate of mosquitoes in each test were calculated. In order to confirm the potential vector of West Nile virus in China and the role of different geographical strains of Aedes albopictus in the transmission of West Nile virus; At the same time, the eggs of three reproductive cycles of Aedes albopictus infected by Aedes albopictus were collected and simulated under laboratory conditions such as relative low temperature in winter, short light (4 鈩，

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