布依族體質(zhì)人類學(xué)與人類群體遺傳學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-26 09:26
【摘要】：目前,國內(nèi)外有關(guān)體質(zhì)人類學(xué)和人類群體遺傳學(xué)方面的研究資料已有很多。布依族是我國南方的少數(shù)民族。關(guān)于布依族體質(zhì)人類學(xué)與人類群體遺傳學(xué)研究文獻目前尚未見報道。為此,作者于2003年8月赴貴州省黔南地區(qū)對當(dāng)?shù)夭家雷宄扇思案咧猩w質(zhì)人類學(xué)和群體遺傳學(xué)項目的進行了調(diào)查。共調(diào)查了布依族成年人494例(男為259例,女為235例)的67項體質(zhì)指標(biāo),其中包括58項測量項目和9項觀察項目。同時還調(diào)查了高中生320例(男172例,女148例)的25項人類群體遺傳學(xué)特征指標(biāo)。 研究結(jié)果表明:(1) 布依族的體質(zhì)特征為:上眼瞼皺褶出現(xiàn)率高,蒙古褶出現(xiàn)率低,鼻根男多為中等型,女多為低型。鼻翼高度多為中等。多為圓形耳垂。發(fā)色多為黑色,眼色多為褐色。男性多為黃色膚色,女性多為淺黃色膚色。圓頭型、高頭型、闊頭型、闊面型、中鼻型、中軀干型、中腿型、中胸型、寬肩型、寬骨盆型出現(xiàn)率最高。男身高均值為158.6cm,女身高均值為149.4cm。(2) 與我國30個人群體質(zhì)特征進行比較。聚類分析結(jié)果表明:布依族具有我國南方人群的體質(zhì)特征,與苗族(海南)、彝族、水族、拉祜族體質(zhì)較為接近。主成分分析結(jié)果表明:布依族與水族、侗族體質(zhì)特征較為接近。(3) 從圍度的整體變化曲線看,布依族成人身體圍度諸指標(biāo)的最大值集中出現(xiàn)在中年。在各年齡組中,頭圍均數(shù)變化較小,胸圍、腹圍、臀圍、上臂圍、前臂圍、上臂最大圍、大腿圍、小腿圍均數(shù)變化很大。(4) 布依族男女群體的最大體重都在中年。在各年齡組中,體重均數(shù)變化較大;體部的長度值(身高、髂前上棘點高、坐高、上肢長、下肢長)的均數(shù)變化也較大,而寬度值(肩寬、骨盆寬)變化則較小;頭面部項目(頭長、面寬、耳上頭高)的均數(shù)亦變化較小。(5) 男女同年齡組間對應(yīng)比較皮褶厚度值,總體看來,女性高于男性;布依族人6項皮褶隨年齡的增加,其厚度變化不大,其中男性表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。(6) 布依族男性與女性平均體型均為偏內(nèi)胚層的中胚層體型,其體型介于南方人群和北方人群之間。(7) 布依族有內(nèi)眥褶率較低,有上眼瞼皺褶率較高,鏟型門齒率中等偏高,凸鼻梁率中等水平,寬鼻孔率較高,突型下頦率中等偏高,有耳垂率中等偏低,額頭發(fā)際有尖率較低,卷發(fā)率較低。(8) 布依族直型拇指、環(huán)指長、長型指甲、拇趾長的特征出現(xiàn)率均大于50%。(9) 布依族不對稱行為特征結(jié)果顯示:7項指標(biāo)的出現(xiàn)率R型(右型)遠高于L型(左型);7項指標(biāo)間多數(shù)存在相關(guān)性,且R—R型組合(右型—右型)的出現(xiàn)頻率遠高于L—L型組合(左型—左型)的出現(xiàn)頻率。(10) 布依族卷舌基因與翻舌、三葉舌基因間存在互作關(guān)系,翻舌基因與疊舌、尖舌基因間存在互作關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many researches on physical anthropology and human population genetics at home and abroad. The Buyi ethnic group is a minority in the south of China. The literature on physical anthropology and human population genetics of Buyi nationality has not been reported. Therefore, in August 2003, the author went to Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, to investigate the physical anthropology and population genetics projects of local Buyi adults and high school students. A total of 67 physical indexes of 494 adults (259 males and 235 females) of Buyi nationality were investigated, including 58 items of measurement and 9 items of observation. At the same time, 25 items of human population genetic characteristics were investigated in 320 high school students (172 males and 148 females). The results showed that: (1) the physical characteristics of Buyi nationality were as follows: the upper eyelid fold rate was high, the Mongolian fold rate was low, the nasal root male was medium type, and the female was mostly low type. Most of the alar height is medium. Mostly round earlobes. The hair color is black, the eye color is brown mostly. Men are mostly yellow, while women are mostly yellowish. Round head type, high head type, broad face type, middle nose type, middle trunk type, middle leg type, middle chest type, wide shoulder type and broad pelvis type have the highest occurrence rate. The mean height of male was 158.6 cm and that of female was 149.4 cm. (2) the average height of male was compared with that of 30 people in China. The result of cluster analysis shows that Buyi nationality has the physique characteristics of southern Chinese people, which is close to that of Miao nationality (Hainan), Yi nationality, Shui nationality and Lahu nationality. The results of principal component analysis showed that the physique characteristics of Buyi nationality, Shui nationality and Dong nationality were close. (3) from the overall variation curve of circumference, the maximum values of body circumference of Buyi adults appeared mainly in middle age. In each age group, the mean change of head circumference is small, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, upper arm maximum circumference, thigh circumference and shank circumference mean number change greatly. (4) the largest body weight of Buyi men and women is in middle age. In each age group, the mean of body weight changed greatly, and the mean of body length (height, height of anterior superior iliac spine, sitting height, length of upper limb, length of lower extremity) also changed greatly, while the value of width (width of shoulder, width of pelvis) was smaller. The average of head length, face width and ear height also changed slightly. (5) the skinfold thickness of male and female was higher than that of male. The thickness of 6 items of skin fold in Buyi nationality is not changed with the increase of age, especially in men. (6) the average body size of Buyi nationality men and women is mesoderm type of ectoderm. (7) Buyi people have lower inner canthus fold rate, higher upper eyelid fold rate, higher shovel type gentgear rate, middle convex nose beam rate and higher wide nostril rate. The chin rate of protruding type is medium high, the rate of earlobe is medium low, the hair tip rate of forehead is low, and the hair curling rate is low. (8) straight thumb of Buyi nationality, ring finger length, long nail, The occurrence rate of hallux length was higher than that of 50%. (9) the results of asymmetric behavior of Buyi nationality showed that the occurrence rate of 7 indexes was higher in R (right) than in L (left); Most of the 7 indexes were correlated with each other, and the occurrence frequency of R-R type combination (right-right type) was much higher than that of L-L type combination (left-left type). There was interaction among the genes of clover tongue, and between the genes of tongue inversion and the genes of overlapping tongue and sharp tongue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：Q983;Q987
本文編號：2415349
[Abstract]:At present, there are many researches on physical anthropology and human population genetics at home and abroad. The Buyi ethnic group is a minority in the south of China. The literature on physical anthropology and human population genetics of Buyi nationality has not been reported. Therefore, in August 2003, the author went to Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, to investigate the physical anthropology and population genetics projects of local Buyi adults and high school students. A total of 67 physical indexes of 494 adults (259 males and 235 females) of Buyi nationality were investigated, including 58 items of measurement and 9 items of observation. At the same time, 25 items of human population genetic characteristics were investigated in 320 high school students (172 males and 148 females). The results showed that: (1) the physical characteristics of Buyi nationality were as follows: the upper eyelid fold rate was high, the Mongolian fold rate was low, the nasal root male was medium type, and the female was mostly low type. Most of the alar height is medium. Mostly round earlobes. The hair color is black, the eye color is brown mostly. Men are mostly yellow, while women are mostly yellowish. Round head type, high head type, broad face type, middle nose type, middle trunk type, middle leg type, middle chest type, wide shoulder type and broad pelvis type have the highest occurrence rate. The mean height of male was 158.6 cm and that of female was 149.4 cm. (2) the average height of male was compared with that of 30 people in China. The result of cluster analysis shows that Buyi nationality has the physique characteristics of southern Chinese people, which is close to that of Miao nationality (Hainan), Yi nationality, Shui nationality and Lahu nationality. The results of principal component analysis showed that the physique characteristics of Buyi nationality, Shui nationality and Dong nationality were close. (3) from the overall variation curve of circumference, the maximum values of body circumference of Buyi adults appeared mainly in middle age. In each age group, the mean change of head circumference is small, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, upper arm maximum circumference, thigh circumference and shank circumference mean number change greatly. (4) the largest body weight of Buyi men and women is in middle age. In each age group, the mean of body weight changed greatly, and the mean of body length (height, height of anterior superior iliac spine, sitting height, length of upper limb, length of lower extremity) also changed greatly, while the value of width (width of shoulder, width of pelvis) was smaller. The average of head length, face width and ear height also changed slightly. (5) the skinfold thickness of male and female was higher than that of male. The thickness of 6 items of skin fold in Buyi nationality is not changed with the increase of age, especially in men. (6) the average body size of Buyi nationality men and women is mesoderm type of ectoderm. (7) Buyi people have lower inner canthus fold rate, higher upper eyelid fold rate, higher shovel type gentgear rate, middle convex nose beam rate and higher wide nostril rate. The chin rate of protruding type is medium high, the rate of earlobe is medium low, the hair tip rate of forehead is low, and the hair curling rate is low. (8) straight thumb of Buyi nationality, ring finger length, long nail, The occurrence rate of hallux length was higher than that of 50%. (9) the results of asymmetric behavior of Buyi nationality showed that the occurrence rate of 7 indexes was higher in R (right) than in L (left); Most of the 7 indexes were correlated with each other, and the occurrence frequency of R-R type combination (right-right type) was much higher than that of L-L type combination (left-left type). There was interaction among the genes of clover tongue, and between the genes of tongue inversion and the genes of overlapping tongue and sharp tongue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：Q983;Q987
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 李桂玲;中國五個民族身高的比較遺傳學(xué)研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號：2415349
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