發(fā)布時間：2019-01-15 06:54

【摘要】：實驗?zāi)康?骨創(chuàng)傷后的再生能力提示有能夠自我復(fù)制并能多向分化的干細胞存在。一般認為,此類干細胞存在于骨、骨膜、骨髓及其他由中胚層發(fā)育來的組織中,在出生后仍然有少量干細胞繼續(xù)存在,在機體損傷時參與組織的修復(fù)。組織工程的基礎(chǔ)是有功能的細胞,骨組織工程需要大量的成骨細胞。十多年來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者和臨床工作者對各種組織的細胞成骨能力進行了大量的研究。提出了定向性骨祖細胞、誘導(dǎo)性骨祖細胞和基質(zhì)干細胞的概念。目前,在研究中使用的作為種子細胞的成骨細胞來源有以下幾種:骨、軟骨、骨外膜、骨髓和骨外組織。 從臨床應(yīng)用來看,理想的骨組織工程種子細胞應(yīng)具備下列特點:1.取材容易,對機體的損傷小。2.在體外培養(yǎng)過程中具有較強的傳代繁殖能力,在較短時間內(nèi)能夠得到較大數(shù)量并易定向分化為成骨細胞。3.植入機體后能適應(yīng)受區(qū)的環(huán)境并保持成骨活性。目前認為能夠符合上述特點的種子細胞只有干細胞。 根據(jù)發(fā)育階段,干細胞分為胚胎干細胞和成體干細胞。胚胎干細胞的研究受到論理學(xué)方面的困擾,細胞來源等方面的限制,因而成體干細胞的研究便受到人們的高度重視。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,骨髓基質(zhì)干細胞(BMSCs)有多分化潛能,移植入體內(nèi)后可分化為骨、軟骨、肌肉、脂肪、血管內(nèi)皮、肝臟、神經(jīng)等多種細胞。能夠作為組織工程中不同細胞的來源;在體內(nèi)正常循環(huán)中能夠分布于多種組織和器官,可以用于細胞和基因治療。而且取材、分離培養(yǎng)、擴增以及導(dǎo)人外源基因也相對方便。BMSCs通過抽取自體骨髓得到,對病人造成創(chuàng)傷較少,且無免疫排斥反應(yīng)。因此,BMSCs在實際應(yīng)用時將具有潛在的優(yōu)勢。 大多數(shù)觀點認為:BMSCs的分化與微環(huán)境密切相關(guān)�？赡苁遣煌M織的微環(huán)境中含有不同的因子,促進進入不同組織的BMSCs獲得靶組織的表
[Abstract]:Objective\ It is generally believed that such stem cells exist in bone, periosteum, bone marrow and other tissues developed from mesoderm. A small number of stem cells continue to exist after birth and participate in the repair of tissues when the body is damaged. Tissue engineering is based on functional cells, and bone tissue engineering requires a large number of osteoblasts. For more than a decade, scholars and clinicians at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the osteogenic ability of various tissues. The concepts of directional bone progenitor cells, inducible bone progenitor cells and stromal stem cells were proposed. At present, the following sources of osteoblasts are used as seed cells: bone, cartilage, periosteum, bone marrow and extraosseous tissue. From the clinical application, the ideal bone tissue engineering seed cells should have the following characteristics: 1. The material is easy to take, the damage to the body is small. 2. In vitro culture process has a strong ability to reproduce, in a short time to obtain a large number of easily oriented differentiation into osteoblasts. 3. Implantation of the body can adapt to the environment of the recipient and maintain osteogenic activity. Only stem cells are thought to be able to match these characteristics. According to the development stage, stem cells are divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The research of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is subject to the theoretical problems, cell sources and other limitations, so the research of adult stem cells has been paid great attention to. More and more evidences show that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, vascular endothelium, liver, nerve and so on. It can be used as a source of different cells in tissue engineering and can be distributed in various tissues and organs in normal circulation in vivo and can be used in cell and gene therapy. Moreover, it is also relatively convenient to extract, isolate, culture, amplify and guide human exogenous genes. BMSCs obtained by extraction of autologous bone marrow causes less trauma and no immune rejection in patients. Therefore, BMSCs will have potential advantages in practical application. Most views suggest that the differentiation of BMSCs is closely related to microenvironment. It may be that the microenvironment of different tissues contains different factors, which promote the BMSCs entering different tissues to obtain the target tissue table.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：R329

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 馬劍平;趙錦;黎洪棉;南開輝;;大鼠骨髓基質(zhì)干細胞定向分化為成骨細胞及體外增殖過程中地塞米松的抑制性干預(yù)[J];中國組織工程研究與臨床康復(fù);2007年42期

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