【摘要】：背景 細(xì)胞凋亡(apoptosis)是由體內(nèi)外因素觸發(fā)細(xì)胞內(nèi)預(yù)存的死亡程序而引起細(xì)胞死亡的方式，，又稱程序性死亡(programmed cell death，PCD)。這是病理學(xué)家kerr等人在1972年提出的一種不同于壞死的細(xì)胞死亡方式。細(xì)胞凋亡是細(xì)胞主動(dòng)有序高度調(diào)控的程序性死亡，它在清除損傷和衰老細(xì)胞、維持正常組織的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定及炎癥的消除等方面起著重要作用。細(xì)胞凋亡受到抑制會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的惡性生長(zhǎng)，產(chǎn)生腫瘤。過多的細(xì)胞凋亡會(huì)導(dǎo)致器官的功能衰竭。正常情況下，凋亡細(xì)胞可被吞噬細(xì)胞快速有效的清除并抑制炎性反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。如凋亡細(xì)胞不能被及時(shí)的清除，凋亡細(xì)胞就會(huì)產(chǎn)生二次壞死，釋放內(nèi)容物，產(chǎn)生炎癥反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致一些疾病的發(fā)生。最近的研究顯示系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的形成都與凋亡細(xì)胞不能被有效清除有關(guān)。 吞噬細(xì)胞對(duì)凋亡細(xì)胞的識(shí)別和清除需要兩種細(xì)胞之間的信息交流。大量的研究顯示細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡后在細(xì)胞表面出現(xiàn)了一些區(qū)別于正常細(xì)胞的特殊信號(hào)，這些信號(hào)可被吞噬細(xì)胞上的不同受體所識(shí)別，又稱為“食我”信號(hào)。磷脂酰絲氨酸(Phosphatidylserine，PS)外翻是細(xì)胞凋亡時(shí)出現(xiàn)的重要的“食我”信號(hào)之一。正常情況下，磷脂在細(xì)胞膜的內(nèi)外兩側(cè)是呈不對(duì)稱分布的，其中PS被嚴(yán)格限制分布于細(xì)胞膜內(nèi)側(cè)。磷脂的這種不對(duì)稱性分布主要靠細(xì)胞膜上的兩種酶來維持：一種酶是攀援酶(Scramblase)，可將細(xì)胞膜內(nèi)外的磷脂進(jìn)行非特異
[Abstract]:Background apoptotic (apoptosis) is a kind of cell death caused by in vitro and in vivo preexisting death process, also known as programmed death (programmed cell death,PCD). This is the pathologist kerr et al. 1972 proposed a different form of cell death than necrosis. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death controlled by active and orderly regulation. It plays an important role in clearing damaged and aging cells, maintaining the growth and development of normal tissues, stabilizing the internal environment and eliminating inflammation. Inhibition of apoptosis can lead to malignant growth of cells and produce tumors. Excessive apoptosis can lead to organ failure. Under normal conditions, apoptotic cells can be quickly and effectively removed by phagocytes and inhibit inflammatory response. If the apoptotic cells can not be cleared in time, the apoptotic cells will produce secondary necrosis, release contents, produce inflammatory reaction, and lead to the occurrence of some diseases. Recent studies have shown that both systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerotic plaques are associated with the inability of apoptotic cells to be effectively cleared. The identification and clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes requires information exchange between the two types of cells. A large number of studies have shown that there are some special signals on the cell surface after apoptosis, which can be recognized by different receptors on phagocytes, also known as "eater" signals. Phosphatidyl serine (Phosphatidylserine,PS) valgus is one of the most important signals of apoptosis. Under normal conditions, the distribution of phospholipid on both sides of the cell membrane is asymmetric, and PS is strictly confined to the inner side of the cell membrane. The asymmetric distribution of phospholipids is maintained mainly by two enzymes on the cell membrane: one is the climbing enzyme (Scramblase), which carries out nonspecific phospholipids both inside and outside the cell membrane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R363

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉尚喜，周玫，陳瑗;氧化型低密度脂蛋白的不同組分在誘導(dǎo)巨噬細(xì)胞凋亡中的作用[J];中國(guó)動(dòng)脈硬化雜志;1996年04期

本文編號(hào)：2247607