【摘要】：谷氨酸作為哺乳類動物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)重要的興奮性遞質,廣泛分布于中樞和周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。在功能上,谷氨酸與神經(jīng)元的發(fā)育、分化和突觸傳遞密切相關。近年來,隨著分子生物學技術的深入,人們已經(jīng)成功地在腦內(nèi)克隆出三種特異性的谷氨酸轉運體(vesicular glutamate transporter,VGluTs)。由于它們都特異性的位于谷氨酸的囊泡膜上,在跨囊泡膜H~+濃度的改變和Cl~-參與的條件下,能協(xié)助谷氨酸向囊泡內(nèi)轉運。因此,這三種蛋白質分別被命名為囊泡膜谷氨酸轉運體(VGluT1,VGluT2和VGluT3)。新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn):VGluT1和VGluT2幾乎特異性分布于所有中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的谷氨酸能軸突終末內(nèi)。因此,目前人們已將VGluT1和VGLuT2作為谷氨酸能軸突終末的標識物。在脊髓背角,VGluT1陽性終末主要分布于背角的Ⅱ層內(nèi)側部、Ⅲ層和Ⅳ～Ⅵ層的內(nèi)側部,而VGluT2陽性終末主要分布于背角的Ⅰ和Ⅱ層。VGluT3分布較為特殊,不僅分布于谷氨酸能神經(jīng)終末,也存在于非谷氨酸能神經(jīng)元的胞體、樹突和軸突終末內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:As an important excitatory transmitter in mammalian nervous system, glutamate is widely distributed in central and peripheral nervous system. In function, glutamate is closely related to the development, differentiation and synaptic transmission of neurons. In recent years, with the development of molecular biological techniques, three specific glutamate transporters (vesicular glutamate transporterus VGluts) have been successfully cloned in the brain. Because they are specifically located on the vesicular membrane of glutamate, they can assist in the transport of glutamate to the vesicle under the condition of transvesicular H- concentration change and Cl-participation. Therefore, these three proteins were named vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT1, VGluT2 and VGluT3), respectively. A recent study found that the VGluT2 and VGluT1 were almost specifically distributed in all glutamate axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, VGluT1 and VGLuT2 have been used as markers of glutamate terminal. VGluT1 positive terminals in dorsal horn of spinal cord were mainly distributed in the medial part of layer 鈪，

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