【摘要】：突觸效應(yīng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)程增強(qiáng)(long-term synaptic potentiation，LTP)被認(rèn)為和記憶有關(guān)，不少研究中表明行為學(xué)習(xí)中有LTP樣的突觸效應(yīng)變化，LTP的幅度和維持與學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力之間存在平行關(guān)系。海馬的皮層結(jié)構(gòu)與嚙齒類和人類的精確空間記憶有關(guān)，而海馬的LTP參與記憶的形成過程。在海馬齒狀回(Dentate Gyrus，DG)、CA_1區(qū)和CA_3區(qū)等均可誘發(fā)LTP，目前認(rèn)為其機(jī)制是，突觸前膜釋放Glu，通過激活NMDA受體允許Ca~(2+)進(jìn)入突觸后末端，繼而觸發(fā)了一系列與Ca~(2+)有關(guān)的生理生化反應(yīng)，激活第二信使，改變膜的性質(zhì)，觸發(fā)了LTP的產(chǎn)生。AMPA受體與突觸效應(yīng)最初階段增加有關(guān)；除此之外，LTP的維持需要新蛋白的合成。雖然這些研究可以表明谷氨酸以及其受體參與LTP的形成過程，但它們絕大多數(shù)是在離體海馬片上進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)，其他的在體實(shí)驗(yàn)也是單獨(dú)觀察LTP和谷氨酸的變化，很少在動(dòng)物清醒狀態(tài)下同時(shí)觀察LTP形成和細(xì)胞外液中的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)變化，尤其結(jié)合條件反射形成過程來進(jìn)行的研究更是極少。另外，很多研究集中于谷氨酸，對(duì)其它的神經(jīng)化學(xué)物質(zhì)與LTP的關(guān)系研究得不多。因此，本實(shí)驗(yàn)以群體峰電位(population spike，PS)和行為正確反應(yīng)率為指標(biāo)，在條件反射的形成、鞏固和消退過程中，測(cè)定清醒大鼠DG區(qū)谷氨酸(Glumate，Glu)、天冬氨酸(Aspartic，Asp)、谷氨酰氨(Glutamine，Gln)、�；前彼�(Tautine，，Tau)、甘氨酸(Glycine，Gly)、丙氨酸(Alanine，Ala)含量的變化，通過研究它們與LTP、條件行為之間的關(guān)系，探討海馬DG區(qū)參與學(xué)習(xí)記憶形成過程的神經(jīng)化學(xué)機(jī)制。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要結(jié)果 1．隨著大鼠條件反射的建立，Glu、Gln、Asp和Tau濃度亦隨之升高。當(dāng)行為訓(xùn)練第四天，其行為正確反應(yīng)率達(dá)90％以上，此時(shí)DG區(qū)PS峰值增至最高水平，同時(shí)DG區(qū)細(xì)胞外液中Glu、Gln、Asp和Tau濃度亦達(dá)最高水平，分別為275.19±11.17％(P＜0.001)、190.25±15.34％(P＜0.01)、175.08±10.56％(P＜0.01)、170.16±9.59％(P＜0.01)。 2．在大鼠達(dá)到學(xué)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后對(duì)其進(jìn)行鞏固訓(xùn)練期間，興奮性氨基酸Glu、Gln
[Abstract]:Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) is thought to be related to memory. Many studies have shown that there is a parallel relationship between the amplitude and maintenance of synaptic effect in behavioral learning and the ability of learning and memory. The cortical structure of the hippocampus is related to the precise spatial memory of rodents and humans, while the LTP of the hippocampus is involved in the formation of memory. LTPs can be induced in the CA1 and CA_3 regions of Dentate gyrus dentate gyrus (Dentate Gyrus gyrus DG). At present, it is considered that the mechanism is that the presynaptic membrane releases Gluand allows Ca ~ (2) to enter the postsynaptic terminal by activating the NMDA receptor, which in turn triggers a series of physiological and biochemical responses related to Ca ~ (2). Activation of the second messenger changes the properties of the membrane and triggers the production of .AMPA receptor which is related to the increase of synaptic effect at the initial stage. In addition the maintenance of LTP requires the synthesis of new proteins. Although these studies have shown that glutamate and its receptors are involved in the formation of LTP, most of them were performed on isolated hippocampal slices, and other in vivo experiments were used to observe the changes of LTP and glutamate alone. The formation of LTP and the changes of neurotransmitters in extracellular fluid are rarely observed in animal waking state, especially in combination with conditioned reflex formation. In addition, many studies have focused on glutamate, and little has been done on the relationship between other neurochemicals and LTP. Therefore, the population spike-PS and the rate of correct behavior response were taken as the indexes in the process of formation, consolidation and regression of conditioned reflex. The contents of glutamate (Glu), aspartic acid (Aspartic acid), glutamine (Glutamine glutamine), Tautine head (Tautine Tau), glycine (Glycine gly) and alanine (Alanine Ala) in DG region of conscious rats were determined, and the relationship between them and LTP, conditioned behavior was studied. To explore the neurochemical mechanism of DG region of hippocampus involved in learning and memory formation. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. With the establishment of conditioned reflex in rats, the concentrations of Glnnus asp and Tau also increased. On the fourth day of behavior training, the rate of correct behavior response was over 90%, and the peak value of PS in DG region increased to the highest level, and the concentration of Glnn Asp and Tau in extracellular fluid of DG region reached the highest level. It was 275.19 鹵11.17% (P < 0.001) and 190.25 鹵15.34% (P < 0.001) respectively. The excitatory amino acid GluGln was 175.08 鹵10.56% (P < 0.001), 170.16 鹵9.59% (P < 0.01).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R33

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