不同種屬哺乳動(dòng)物眼外肌周圍結(jié)締組織結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的初步研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 11:34
【摘要】： 目的 研究靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物與較低等哺乳類動(dòng)物間眼外肌周圍結(jié)締組織形態(tài)的異同點(diǎn)，分析這一結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)不同種屬動(dòng)物，特別是對(duì)靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制的影響，以探討人類眼外肌Pulley對(duì)復(fù)雜的眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制及高級(jí)視功能的作用。 方法 1．鹽酸氯胺酮深度麻醉成年獼猴2只，成年Wistar大鼠、兔及市銷家貓各5只，將所有眼眶分離，整體固定，每一動(dòng)物任選一眼眶行大體解剖，組織學(xué)染色眶進(jìn)行全眶石蠟包埋，冠狀位連續(xù)切片，相鄰切片以Masson三色染色、Weigert染色法分別進(jìn)行膠原纖維和彈性纖維染色，并以鼠抗平滑肌抗體標(biāo)記平滑肌。詳細(xì)觀察直肌周圍結(jié)締組織的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及其與眼外肌的組織關(guān)系。選取獼猴、兔及Wistar大鼠的所有切片，觀察斜肌周圍結(jié)締組織的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及其與眼外肌的組織關(guān)系。 2．鹽酸氯胺酮深度麻醉成年獼猴1只，成年Wistar大鼠、市銷家貓4只。在手術(shù)顯微鏡直視下行近內(nèi)下側(cè)穹窿部結(jié)膜切口，暴露內(nèi)直肌整個(gè)肌腱。向后分離內(nèi)直肌與眶壁間筋膜及肌間膜至可見(jiàn)到橫跨內(nèi)直肌肌腹的白色結(jié)締組織帶，此橫帶比較致密，用剪刀不易分離。用顯微剪刀剪取靠?jī)?nèi)直肌眶側(cè)與下直肌間厚實(shí)白色結(jié)締1×1×1mm~3白色結(jié)締組織塊。立即浸入預(yù)冷的3％戊二醛中，按常規(guī)透射電子顯微鏡電鏡標(biāo)本處理，制片，分別在不同倍放大鏡下觀察結(jié)締組織各組織成分的排列形式及超微結(jié)構(gòu)異同；另取相同部位結(jié)締組織塊，常規(guī)中性福爾馬林固定，石蠟包埋，組織切片，相鄰切片以Masson三色染色、Weigert染色法分別進(jìn)行膠原纖維和彈性纖維染色。 結(jié)果 1．在赤道部及稍后方，獼猴、貓、兔及Wistar大鼠所有直肌周圍均有主要以膠原纖維組成的結(jié)締組織環(huán)，彈性纖維散在其中，但結(jié)締組織在眶內(nèi)各部位的分布趨勢(shì)不完全相同。獼猴內(nèi)直肌結(jié)締組織纖維環(huán)、內(nèi)下側(cè)(內(nèi)直肌—下直肌間)連接帶明顯發(fā)達(dá)于其他部分；平滑肌的分布與彈性纖維在內(nèi)直肌周圍纖維環(huán)及內(nèi)直肌—下直肌間呈明顯的帶狀分布，其密度較其他部位明顯增大。兔及貓眼外肌膠原纖維環(huán)均比較菲薄，與眶層纖維聯(lián)系顯得疏松；內(nèi)直肌周圍膠原纖維環(huán)、內(nèi)下側(cè)連接帶亦不明顯發(fā)達(dá)于其它纖維環(huán)或連接帶；眶內(nèi)平滑肌僅以極少量細(xì)胞散在分布。Wistar大鼠內(nèi)直肌纖維環(huán)比其它纖維環(huán)發(fā)達(dá)，但與兔相似，平滑肌在內(nèi)直肌—上直肌間連接帶的分布明顯發(fā)達(dá)于內(nèi)直肌—下直肌間的連接帶中。 2．超微結(jié)構(gòu)顯示獼猴內(nèi)直肌與下直肌間的結(jié)締組織連接帶主要以膠原纖維構(gòu)成，豐富的彈性纖維、平滑肌及成纖維細(xì)胞散布于其中。相鄰膠原原纖維束間緊密地以直角交錯(cuò)進(jìn)行排列。貓及Wistar大鼠的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)亦主要由膠原纖維構(gòu)成，其中散在分布著彈性纖維和少量成纖維細(xì)胞。貓標(biāo)本中未見(jiàn)明顯的非血管性平滑肌細(xì)胞。膠原纖維排列比較疏松，相鄰纖維束間成一定角度交錯(cuò)排列，但非直角交錯(cuò)。 3．在典型部位，所有直肌眶層肌纖維與膠原纖維環(huán)緊密粘連，但并非在此部位突然中止，而是有部分眶層肌纖維繼續(xù)向前延伸，與膠原環(huán)間呈一定間隙，并逐漸減少。 4．獼猴、兔及Wistar大鼠上斜肌眶層纖維隨著球?qū)永w維向前行走，其周圍結(jié)締組織逐漸增厚直至滑車處。此后，獼猴眶層肌纖維離開(kāi)球?qū)�，與膠原纖維混合存在；兔及Wistar大鼠眶層纖維隨著上斜肌反折過(guò)滑車部位。三種動(dòng)物上斜肌眶層周圍結(jié)締組織均與上直肌膠原纖維環(huán)相延續(xù)。 5．獼猴、兔及Wistar大鼠下斜肌周圍結(jié)締組織均與外直肌、下直肌周圍結(jié)締組織相延續(xù)，但延續(xù)方式并不完全相同。在獼猴下斜肌與下直肌交叉處存在著圍繞這兩條眼外肌的致密膠原環(huán)，并為彈性纖維所堅(jiān)固；下斜肌周圍結(jié)締組織除與其自身眶層纖維、下直肌膠原環(huán)緊密相連外，還與外直肌膠原環(huán)相延續(xù)。兔及Wistar大鼠下斜肌雖然亦有膠原結(jié)締組織纖維所繞，這一包繞的膠原纖維與外直肌周圍結(jié)締組織相延續(xù)，但與下直肌纖維環(huán)較疏松地連接。 結(jié)論 1．靈長(zhǎng)類眼外肌Pulley對(duì)遵守眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)Listing法則可能發(fā)揮了的重要作用 2．靈長(zhǎng)類內(nèi)下側(cè)Pulley帶的發(fā)達(dá)可能與高度發(fā)達(dá)的集合運(yùn)動(dòng)及雙眼視覺(jué)有關(guān)。 3．并非所有哺乳動(dòng)物直肌均止于膠原環(huán)，，有少部分眶層肌纖維繼續(xù)向前延伸并逐漸減少，提示可能并非所有眶層纖維均參與了眼外肌纖維環(huán)位置的調(diào)控。 4．獼猴、Wistar大鼠及兔的上斜肌肌鞘與眶層肌纖維緊密粘連，并與上直肌周圍纖維環(huán)相延續(xù)，下斜肌眶層肌纖維與其自身、外直肌及下直肌周圍結(jié)締組織相延續(xù)，提示這些EOMs間的位置相互影響，進(jìn)一步解釋了前庭眼反射(包括人類前庭眼反射)的部分運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制。 5．靈長(zhǎng)類下斜肌收縮可引起下直肌內(nèi)移、外直肌下移，同時(shí)伴有顳側(cè)旋轉(zhuǎn)，這可能解釋了集合運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)Listing平面向顳側(cè)傾斜的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:objective
This paper studies the similarities and differences of connective tissue around the extraocular muscles between primates and lower mammals, and analyzes the effect of this structure on the mechanism of eyeball movement of different species, especially the primates, in order to explore the effect of Pulley on the complex ocular motor system and the advanced visual function of human extraocular muscles.
Method
1. adult macaques were deeply anaesthetized with 1. ketamine hydrochloride, 5 adult rats, rabbits and domestic cats each. All the eyes were separated and fixed. Each animal was chosen to take one orbit for gross anatomy. Histologically, the orbit was embedded in the orbital paraffin, and the coronal sections were sectioned continuously. The adjacent sections were stained with Masson and Weigert staining, respectively. The morphology and structure of connective tissue around the musculus musculus and its relationship with the extraocular muscle were observed in detail. All sections of rhesus monkey, rabbit and Wistar rats were selected to observe the form of connective tissue around the oblique muscle and the relationship between the structure and the tissue of the extraocular muscles.
2. adult macaques were deeply anesthetized with 2. ketamine hydrochloride, adult Wistar rats and 4 municipal cats. The conjunctival incision of the proximal and lower fornix was exposed under the operation microscope directly. The entire tendon of the medial rectus muscle was exposed. The interorbital fascia and the interorbital membrane and the intermuscularis membrane were separated to the white connective tissue band across the musculus musculus. The 1 x 1 x 1mm~3 white connective tissue block between the orbital and lower rectus muscles of the medial rectus muscle was cut with the scissors. The white connective tissue block was immediately immersed in the pre cooled 3% glutaraldehyde, and the tissue components of the connective tissue were observed under the conventional transmission electron microscope and under the different magnifying glasses. The arrangement and ultrastructure were different, and the same part of the connective tissue block, regular neutral formalin, paraffin embedded, tissue section, Masson three color staining and Weigert staining were used to stain the collagen fibers and elastic fibers respectively.
Result
1. in the equator and a little rear, the collagenous connective tissue rings are mainly composed of collagen fibers in all the rectus muscles of rhesus monkeys, cats, rabbits and Wistar rats. The elastic fibers are scattered among them, but the distribution trend of connective tissue in the orbital parts is not exactly the same. The distribution of the smooth muscle distribution and the fiber ring around the medial rectus and the medial rectus muscle of the medial rectus muscle were obviously zonal distribution, and its density was obviously larger than that of the other parts. The collagen fibrous ring of the rabbit and the outer muscle of the cat's eye was thin and the connection with the orbital fiber appeared loose; the inner collagenous fibrous ring around the internal rectus muscle was inside. The lower lateral junction zone is not obviously developed in other fibrous rings or connecting bands. The smooth muscle of the orbital smooth muscle is distributed in only a small amount of cells in the distribution of.Wistar rat's rectus muscle fibers, but similar to that of the rabbit. The distribution of the medial rectus and superior rectus muscle of the muscle of the smooth muscle is obviously found in the connecting zone between the medial rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle.
2. the ultrastructure showed that the connective tissue junction between the rectus and the rectus muscle of the macaque was mainly composed of collagen fibers, and the rich elastic fibers, smooth muscle and fibroblasts were scattered in it. The adjacent collagen fibrous bundles were interlaced in a right angle. The related structures of the cat and Wistar rats were mainly composed of collagen fibers. There were scattered elastic fibers and a small amount of fibroblasts. There was no obvious non vascular smooth muscle cells in the cat specimens. The arrangement of collagen fibers was loose and the adjacent fiber bundles were interlaced at a certain angle, but the non right angles were interlaced.
3. in the typical site, all the musculus musculus musculus musculus fibers of the rectus muscles are closely associated with the collagen fibrous ring, but not at this site, but some of the orbital muscle fibers continue to extend forward, with a certain gap between the collagenous rings and gradually decreasing.
4. the orbital layer fibers of the superior oblique muscle of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats walked along with the ball layer fiber, and the connective tissue around it gradually thickened until the trochlear. After that, the orbital layer of the macaque was mixed with the collagen fibers, and the orbital fibers in the rabbit and Wistar rats were back to the part of the trochlear with the upper oblique muscle. The orbital layer of the three kinds of superior oblique muscles in the animals. The surrounding connective tissue continued with the collagen fibers of the rectus muscle.
5. the connective tissues around the inferior oblique muscles of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats were all continued with the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle, but the continuity was not exactly the same. There was a dense collagen ring around the two extraocular muscles at the intersection of the lower rectus and lower rectus muscles of the rhesus monkey, which was strong for elastic fiber; the connective tissue around the inferior oblique muscle was in addition to the same. Its own orbital fiber and the collagenous ring of the lower rectus muscle are closely connected, and continue with the collagenous ring of the external rectus. The rabbit and Wistar rat lower oblique muscles are also surrounded by collagenous connective tissue fibers. This wrapped collagenous fiber extends to the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle, but is loosely connected with the inferior rectus muscle fiber ring.
conclusion
1. the Pulley of the primate extraocular muscles may play an important role in observing the Listing rule of eye movement.
2. the development of the lower Pulley band in primates may be related to highly developed collective movements and binocular vision.
3. not all mammalian rectus muscles stop in the collagenous ring, and a few of the orbital layer fibers continue to extend forward and gradually decrease, suggesting that not all orbital fibers are involved in the regulation of the position of the extraocular muscle fiber ring.
4. the muscle sheath of the superior oblique muscle of Wistar rats and rabbits adhered closely to the fiber of the orbital layer and continued with the fibrous ring around the upper rectus. The fibers of the orbital layer of the lower oblique muscle continued with its own, the external rectus and the connective tissue around the lower rectus, suggesting the interaction between these EOMs positions, which further explained the vestibular eye reflex (including the human vestibule). The partial mechanism of motion of the eye reflex.
The contractile of the inferior oblique muscle in 5. primates can cause the lower rectus to move, the external rectus moves down and the temporal rotation is accompanied, which may explain the phenomenon that the Listing plane is tilted to the temporal side during the movement of the assembly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：R322
本文編號(hào)：2139282
[Abstract]:objective
This paper studies the similarities and differences of connective tissue around the extraocular muscles between primates and lower mammals, and analyzes the effect of this structure on the mechanism of eyeball movement of different species, especially the primates, in order to explore the effect of Pulley on the complex ocular motor system and the advanced visual function of human extraocular muscles.
Method
1. adult macaques were deeply anaesthetized with 1. ketamine hydrochloride, 5 adult rats, rabbits and domestic cats each. All the eyes were separated and fixed. Each animal was chosen to take one orbit for gross anatomy. Histologically, the orbit was embedded in the orbital paraffin, and the coronal sections were sectioned continuously. The adjacent sections were stained with Masson and Weigert staining, respectively. The morphology and structure of connective tissue around the musculus musculus and its relationship with the extraocular muscle were observed in detail. All sections of rhesus monkey, rabbit and Wistar rats were selected to observe the form of connective tissue around the oblique muscle and the relationship between the structure and the tissue of the extraocular muscles.
2. adult macaques were deeply anesthetized with 2. ketamine hydrochloride, adult Wistar rats and 4 municipal cats. The conjunctival incision of the proximal and lower fornix was exposed under the operation microscope directly. The entire tendon of the medial rectus muscle was exposed. The interorbital fascia and the interorbital membrane and the intermuscularis membrane were separated to the white connective tissue band across the musculus musculus. The 1 x 1 x 1mm~3 white connective tissue block between the orbital and lower rectus muscles of the medial rectus muscle was cut with the scissors. The white connective tissue block was immediately immersed in the pre cooled 3% glutaraldehyde, and the tissue components of the connective tissue were observed under the conventional transmission electron microscope and under the different magnifying glasses. The arrangement and ultrastructure were different, and the same part of the connective tissue block, regular neutral formalin, paraffin embedded, tissue section, Masson three color staining and Weigert staining were used to stain the collagen fibers and elastic fibers respectively.
Result
1. in the equator and a little rear, the collagenous connective tissue rings are mainly composed of collagen fibers in all the rectus muscles of rhesus monkeys, cats, rabbits and Wistar rats. The elastic fibers are scattered among them, but the distribution trend of connective tissue in the orbital parts is not exactly the same. The distribution of the smooth muscle distribution and the fiber ring around the medial rectus and the medial rectus muscle of the medial rectus muscle were obviously zonal distribution, and its density was obviously larger than that of the other parts. The collagen fibrous ring of the rabbit and the outer muscle of the cat's eye was thin and the connection with the orbital fiber appeared loose; the inner collagenous fibrous ring around the internal rectus muscle was inside. The lower lateral junction zone is not obviously developed in other fibrous rings or connecting bands. The smooth muscle of the orbital smooth muscle is distributed in only a small amount of cells in the distribution of.Wistar rat's rectus muscle fibers, but similar to that of the rabbit. The distribution of the medial rectus and superior rectus muscle of the muscle of the smooth muscle is obviously found in the connecting zone between the medial rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle.
2. the ultrastructure showed that the connective tissue junction between the rectus and the rectus muscle of the macaque was mainly composed of collagen fibers, and the rich elastic fibers, smooth muscle and fibroblasts were scattered in it. The adjacent collagen fibrous bundles were interlaced in a right angle. The related structures of the cat and Wistar rats were mainly composed of collagen fibers. There were scattered elastic fibers and a small amount of fibroblasts. There was no obvious non vascular smooth muscle cells in the cat specimens. The arrangement of collagen fibers was loose and the adjacent fiber bundles were interlaced at a certain angle, but the non right angles were interlaced.
3. in the typical site, all the musculus musculus musculus musculus fibers of the rectus muscles are closely associated with the collagen fibrous ring, but not at this site, but some of the orbital muscle fibers continue to extend forward, with a certain gap between the collagenous rings and gradually decreasing.
4. the orbital layer fibers of the superior oblique muscle of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats walked along with the ball layer fiber, and the connective tissue around it gradually thickened until the trochlear. After that, the orbital layer of the macaque was mixed with the collagen fibers, and the orbital fibers in the rabbit and Wistar rats were back to the part of the trochlear with the upper oblique muscle. The orbital layer of the three kinds of superior oblique muscles in the animals. The surrounding connective tissue continued with the collagen fibers of the rectus muscle.
5. the connective tissues around the inferior oblique muscles of the rhesus monkeys, rabbits and Wistar rats were all continued with the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle and the lower rectus muscle, but the continuity was not exactly the same. There was a dense collagen ring around the two extraocular muscles at the intersection of the lower rectus and lower rectus muscles of the rhesus monkey, which was strong for elastic fiber; the connective tissue around the inferior oblique muscle was in addition to the same. Its own orbital fiber and the collagenous ring of the lower rectus muscle are closely connected, and continue with the collagenous ring of the external rectus. The rabbit and Wistar rat lower oblique muscles are also surrounded by collagenous connective tissue fibers. This wrapped collagenous fiber extends to the connective tissue around the external rectus muscle, but is loosely connected with the inferior rectus muscle fiber ring.
conclusion
1. the Pulley of the primate extraocular muscles may play an important role in observing the Listing rule of eye movement.
2. the development of the lower Pulley band in primates may be related to highly developed collective movements and binocular vision.
3. not all mammalian rectus muscles stop in the collagenous ring, and a few of the orbital layer fibers continue to extend forward and gradually decrease, suggesting that not all orbital fibers are involved in the regulation of the position of the extraocular muscle fiber ring.
4. the muscle sheath of the superior oblique muscle of Wistar rats and rabbits adhered closely to the fiber of the orbital layer and continued with the fibrous ring around the upper rectus. The fibers of the orbital layer of the lower oblique muscle continued with its own, the external rectus and the connective tissue around the lower rectus, suggesting the interaction between these EOMs positions, which further explained the vestibular eye reflex (including the human vestibule). The partial mechanism of motion of the eye reflex.
The contractile of the inferior oblique muscle in 5. primates can cause the lower rectus to move, the external rectus moves down and the temporal rotation is accompanied, which may explain the phenomenon that the Listing plane is tilted to the temporal side during the movement of the assembly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：R322
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 鄭李明;王興松;;套索驅(qū)動(dòng)柔性細(xì)長(zhǎng)機(jī)器人視覺(jué)運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)建模與分析[J];南京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 寧香玉;貓眼外肌及其神經(jīng)支配的形態(tài)解剖學(xué)特點(diǎn)[D];青島大學(xué);2012年
本文編號(hào)：2139282
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