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  本文選題：山羊 + 解剖�。� 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：[目的]:受到心血管、氣管和食道支架的啟發(fā),為了最終將金屬支架應(yīng)用于鼻腔疾病的臨床治療中,并拓展實驗動物的種類范圍更好選擇鼻腔相關(guān)實驗動物模型。將山羊的鼻腔與人的鼻腔作解剖對比,以便將山羊作為鼻腔相關(guān)論題的實驗動物。為了將鼻腔支架應(yīng)用于臨床,證明鼻腔支架的無害性,了解鼻腔支架放置后的組織學(xué)改變。在山羊鼻腔內(nèi)植入金屬網(wǎng)狀支架增加鼻腔有效通氣量,摸索金屬鼻腔支架的物理形狀、放置方法以及組織學(xué)依據(jù)等。[方法]:首先取100只離體山羊頭,測量單側(cè)鼻腔容積后,正中矢狀剖開,對剖面可見的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)進行測量和觀察。然后隨機選30只不同齡段活體山羊,左側(cè)鼻腔植入支架,觀察時間不等。取出支架后對其左右鼻腔粘膜進行對比分析。[結(jié)果]:羊的單側(cè)鼻腔容積約為40-50ml。長14.19cm(14.07-14.31)前寬2.83cm(2.78-2.87)后寬5.72cm(5.62-5.83),中下鼻甲融合,長度約為2.63cm(2.59-2.67)。對于30只山羊,支架僅在植入初期造成1-2天的鼻腔異物感,有3例出現(xiàn)鼻腔感染。30只山羊喂養(yǎng)和生長正常。適宜的支架放置時間為4周左右,放置期間以及取出支架后,試驗側(cè)鼻腔通氣均優(yōu)于對照側(cè),鼻粘膜出現(xiàn)槽型凹跡,并出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)組織學(xué)變化。[結(jié)論]:將山羊作為耳鼻喉科相關(guān)試驗的對象,目前未見報道。利用鋼絲支架治療鼻腔疾病也沒有先例。雖然羊的鼻竇與人類鼻竇相比有較大的變異,但是山羊的鼻腔有較好的實驗基礎(chǔ),其粘膜組織與人類鼻腔粘膜相仿。山羊與人類相比,有足夠的鼻腔體積和許多相似的鼻腔結(jié)構(gòu),經(jīng)過適當?shù)膭游锬Ｐ驮O(shè)計,就可以用于嗅覺、過敏性鼻炎等多項研究。在山羊鼻腔中,植入鼻腔支架沒有嚴重的不良反應(yīng),可以明顯改善鼻腔的通氣,組織學(xué)變化可以從理論上證實鼻腔支架的作用。為鼻腔支架的臨床應(yīng)用奠定了實驗基礎(chǔ)。支架放置的最佳放置時間為30天,制作支架的鋼絲直徑以0.3mm為宜。鼻腔支架費用很少,沒有嚴重不良反應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Objective: inspired by cardiovascular, tracheal and esophageal stents, in order to apply metal stents to the clinical treatment of nasal diseases, and to expand the range of experimental animals, better choice of nasal cavity related animal models. The nasal cavity of goat and the nasal cavity of human were dissected and compared in order to use goat as the experimental animal of nasal cavity related topic. In order to prove the innocuity of nasal stents, the histological changes of nasal stents were studied. The metal mesh stent was implanted into the nasal cavity of goats to increase the effective ventilation volume of nasal cavity, and to explore the physical shape, placement method and histological basis of the metal nasal stent. Methods: first, 100 isolated goat heads were taken. After measuring the volume of unilateral nasal cavity, the median sagittal section was opened, and the anatomical structure visible in the section was measured and observed. Then 30 live goats of different ages were randomly selected and the left nasal stents were implanted for different time. The nasal mucosa of the left and right nasal cavity was compared and analyzed after the stent was removed. Results: the volume of unilateral nasal cavity of sheep was about 40-50 ml. Long 14.19cm (14.07-14.31) anterior width 2.83cm (2.78-2.87), posterior width 5.72cm (5.62-5.83), middle inferior turbinate fusion, length is about 2.63cm (2.59-2.67). For 30 goats, the stents only caused nasal foreign body sensation for 1-2 days at the early stage of implantation, and there were 3 cases of nasal infection. 30 goats were fed and grew normally. The suitable stent placement time was about 4 weeks. During the placement and after removal of the stent, nasal cavity ventilation of the experimental side was superior to that of the control side. Conclusion: there is no report on goats as the subjects of otolaryngology. There is also no precedent for the use of steel wire scaffolds in the treatment of nasal diseases. Although the nasal sinuses of sheep have greater variation than that of human sinuses, the nasal cavity of goats has a good experimental basis, and its mucosal tissue is similar to that of human nasal sinuses. Compared with humans, goats have enough nasal cavity volume and many similar nasal structures, which can be used in many studies such as olfaction, allergic rhinitis and so on. In goat nasal cavity, there is no serious adverse reaction in nasal stents implantation, which can obviously improve the ventilation of nasal cavity. Histological changes can theoretically prove the role of nasal stents. It lays an experimental foundation for the clinical application of nasal stents. The optimum placement time is 30 days, and 0.3mm is the appropriate wire diameter. The cost of nasal stents was low and there was no serious adverse reaction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：R765;R322

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本文編號：2054592