本文選題：粉螨群落 + 組成　； 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 研究不同環(huán)境中粉螨孳生的種類和群落多樣性,并調(diào)查不同職業(yè)環(huán)境中哮喘患者對(duì)塵螨變應(yīng)原的過敏情況。 方法 用直接鏡檢法和電熱集螨法對(duì)采集樣本進(jìn)行粉螨分離、鑒定和計(jì)數(shù),并通過Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù),計(jì)算其物種豐富度、物種多樣性和物種均勻度。通過詢問病史、螨特異性IgE檢測調(diào)查不同職業(yè)人群中哮喘患者對(duì)塵螨變應(yīng)原的過敏情況。 結(jié)果 在2160份樣本中,共有42種樣本,913份樣本中分離出粉螨。其中人居環(huán)境中有236份樣本檢出粉螨,檢出率為32.8%,所檢出的14種粉螨隸屬于5科13屬;工作環(huán)境中有288份樣本檢出有粉螨,檢出率為40%,所檢出的11種粉螨隸屬于4科9屬;倉儲(chǔ)環(huán)境中有389份樣本檢出粉螨,檢出率為54%,所檢出的26種粉螨隸屬于7科19屬。從3類環(huán)境90個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)的2160份樣本中共檢獲粉螨26種,隸屬于7科19屬。3類環(huán)境的粉螨平均孳生密度在15.35±6.13～31.27±8.34之間,物種數(shù)在11～26之間,物種豐富度指數(shù)(Rmargalef)在1.987～4.351之間,多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon-Wiener指數(shù))為2.270～3.133,均勻度指數(shù)(Pielou指數(shù))為0.947～0.962。其中以倉儲(chǔ)環(huán)境的平均孳生密度(31.27±8.34a)、物種數(shù)(26)、豐富度指數(shù)(4.351)、多樣性指數(shù)(3.133:)和均勻度指數(shù)(0.962)為最高。一年之中倉儲(chǔ)環(huán)境的物種豐富度指數(shù)Rmargalef在0.252～2.541之間,Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')為1.058～3.141,Pielou指數(shù)(J)為0.924～0.982,粉螨的孳生密度、物種數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)及多樣性指數(shù)在時(shí)序上的分布較為一致,而物種均勻度則較不規(guī)則。對(duì)127人皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(yàn)(SPT)及血清特異性IgE(sIgE)檢測,其中工作中密切接觸中藥材的哮喘患者的SPT和sIgE陽性率最高,分別達(dá)60%和51.1%。 結(jié)論 粉螨孳生場所廣泛,以5～8月份孳生密度最高,不同環(huán)境中粉螨的孳生密度及多樣性差異較大,可能與不同環(huán)境中的溫濕度差異及不同的人為干擾程度有關(guān)。粉螨自身的食性也在一定程度上影響著不同環(huán)境中粉螨群落的構(gòu)成。不同職業(yè)中哮喘患者對(duì)塵螨的過敏情況似與職業(yè)環(huán)境相關(guān),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)特定職業(yè)人群的勞動(dòng)保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the species and community diversity of acaroid mites in different environments and to investigate the allergen allergy of asthmatic patients to dust mite allergens in different occupational environments. Methods the samples were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection. The species richness, species diversity and species evenness were calculated by Margalef index Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index. Mite specific IgE (IgE) was used to investigate the allergen allergy of asthma patients to dust mite allergens in different occupational groups. Results A total of 42 species of mites were isolated from 2160 samples. Among them, 236 samples were detected in human settlements, the detection rate was 32.8.The 14 species of acaroid mites were found in 5 families, 13 genera, 288 samples were found in the working environment, the detection rate was 40000, 11 species of acaroid mites were found in 4 families and 9 genera. In the storage environment, 389 samples of acaroid mites were detected, the detection rate was 54. The 26 species of acaroid mites were found to belong to 7 families and 19 genera. A total of 26 species of acaroid mites were seized from 2160 samples from 90 sampling sites in 3 kinds of environments. The average breeding density of acaroid mites belonging to 19 genera of 7 families ranged from 15.35 鹵6.13 to 31.27 鹵8.34, the number of species ranged from 11 to 26, and the species richness index (Rmargalef) was between 1.9874.351 and 1.9874.351, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index (Shannon-Wiener index) is 2.270 / 3.133, and the Pielou index (Pielou index) is 0.947 / 0.962. The average breeding density (31.27 鹵8.34a), species number (26), richness index (4.351), diversity index (3.133:) and evenness index (0.962) were the highest. In one year, the species richness index (Rmargalef) of storage environment was between 0.252 and 2.541. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') was 1.058 ~ 3.141 and Pielou index (J) was 0.924 ~ 0.982.The distribution of breeding density, species number, richness index and diversity index of acaroid mites were consistent in time series. The species evenness was irregular. The skin prick test (SPT) and serum specific IgE (SiIgE) were detected in 127 patients. The positive rates of SPT and Siga were 60% and 51.1% in asthmatic patients who were in close contact with Chinese herbal medicine. Conclusion the breeding site of acaroid mites is widespread, the highest breeding density is in May and August, and the difference of breeding density and diversity of acaroid mites in different environments may be related to the difference of temperature and humidity in different environments and the degree of human interference. The composition of acaroid mites community in different environments was also affected to some extent by their own feeding habits. The allergies of asthma patients to dust mites in different occupations seem to be related to the occupational environment, and the labor protection of specific occupational groups should be strengthened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R384.4

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