【摘要】：預(yù)設(shè)一詞最早由德國(guó)著名哲學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家Gottlob Frege（1892）在《意義與所指》一書中提出。Frege認(rèn)為，“如果某個(gè)事物為人們所提及，通常情況下預(yù)設(shè)就產(chǎn)生了，即人們所提到的那個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單名詞或復(fù)合名詞有所指”。Robert C. Stalnaker于1974年將預(yù)設(shè)概念引入語用學(xué)領(lǐng)域，從說話人態(tài)度和語境角度探討語言中的預(yù)設(shè)現(xiàn)象，即語用預(yù)設(shè)。Stalnaker指出語用預(yù)設(shè)不僅和語境有關(guān)，，而且和說話對(duì)象有關(guān)�！陡柲λ固桨讣肥瞧駷橹谷澜缱顣充N的偵探小說之一。它的影響長(zhǎng)久而深遠(yuǎn)，獲得了各個(gè)層面讀者的喜愛，直到現(xiàn)在仍然有無窮的魅力。小說根據(jù)生活中的表象與細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用想象與經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以絲絲入扣、無懈可擊的邏輯推理，得到一個(gè)個(gè)可信而又令人驚嘆的推論。作者柯南道爾把人類觀察力與邏輯推理能力的巨大能量發(fā)揮到了極致，被稱為“英國(guó)偵探小說之父”。 國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)這部世界經(jīng)典偵探小說的研究不乏其人，但大多是從文學(xué)角度分析，如文體研究、敘事模式研究以及中譯本研究等，涉及語用學(xué)角度的研究較少。語用預(yù)設(shè)在《福爾摩斯探案集》中極其重要，是偵探家福爾摩斯進(jìn)行案情推理，實(shí)現(xiàn)案件偵破的重要工具。鑒于此，本文試圖從語用預(yù)設(shè)角度對(duì)《福爾摩斯探案集》中的邏輯推理進(jìn)行研究。 本文擬運(yùn)用語用預(yù)設(shè)理論，從指稱預(yù)設(shè)、語境預(yù)設(shè)、背景預(yù)設(shè)和交際對(duì)象預(yù)設(shè)四個(gè)方面對(duì)《福爾摩斯探案集》進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)合該分類，本文通過《福爾摩斯探案集》中的具體人物對(duì)話分析小說中嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理是如何以這四種語用預(yù)設(shè)體現(xiàn)出來的，并得出以下結(jié)論： (1)《福爾摩斯探案集》中存在著大量的語用預(yù)設(shè)； (2)語用預(yù)設(shè)是《福爾摩斯探案集》中邏輯推理的前提，是聯(lián)系小說和讀者的關(guān)鍵紐帶。語用預(yù)設(shè)的運(yùn)用能幫助讀者揭示出《福爾摩斯探案集》中隱藏的信息。 (3《)福爾摩斯探案集》中語用預(yù)設(shè)的使用不僅使小說中的邏輯推理簡(jiǎn)潔明了，避免繁瑣的語言表達(dá)，同時(shí)又保持了小說情節(jié)的連貫性，使小說更具吸引力。
[Abstract]:The term presupposition was first proposed in meaning and reference by the famous German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege (1892. Frege argues that "if something is mentioned by people, presupposition usually arises, that is, the simple noun or compound noun mentioned by people refers to something." Robert C. Stalnaker introduced the concept of presupposition into the field of pragmatics in 1974 to explore presupposition phenomena in language from the perspective of speaker attitude and context. Pragmatic presupposition. Stalnaker points out that pragmatic presupposition is not only related to context, but also to the object of speech. Sherlock Holmes is one of the best-selling detective novels in the world so far. Its influence is long and far-reaching, has been loved by readers at all levels, and still has infinite charm. According to the appearance and details of life, the novel obtains a credible and amazing inference by using imagination and experience, with impeccable and impeccable logical reasoning. Conan Doyle, the author, brought the great energy of human observation and logical reasoning to the extreme, known as the father of British detective novels. There are many researches on this world classical detective novel at home and abroad, but most of them are analyzed from the literary point of view, such as stylistic research, narrative mode research and Chinese translation research, and so on, and there are few studies involving pragmatics. Pragmatic presupposition is very important in Sherlock Holmes. It is an important tool for detective Holmes to reason the case and realize the detection of the case. In view of this, this paper attempts to study the logical reasoning in Holmes Exploration from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition. Based on pragmatic presupposition theory, this paper analyzes Sherlock Holmes from four aspects: referential presupposition, contextual presupposition, background presupposition and communicative object presupposition. Combined with this classification, this paper analyzes how the strict logical reasoning in the novel is embodied by these four pragmatic presuppositions through the dialogue of the specific characters in the Sherlock Holmes case study, and draws the following conclusions: (1) there are a large number of pragmatic presuppositions in the Sherlock Holmes case study; (2) pragmatic presupposition is the premise of logical reasoning in Sherlock Holmes, and it is the key link between the novel and the reader. The use of pragmatic presupposition can help readers reveal the hidden information in Sherlock Holmes. (3) the use of pragmatic presupposition in Sherlock Holmes not only makes the logical reasoning in the novel simple and clear, avoids tedious language expression, but also maintains the consistency of the plot of the novel and makes the novel more attractive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H313;I561.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李紅英;;《斑點(diǎn)帶子案》中福爾摩斯的性格分析[J];安徽文學(xué)(下半月);2010年04期

2 馬岢原;;《四簽名》中的殖民話語[J];安徽文學(xué)(下半月);2010年04期

3 張炯;論福爾摩斯形象[J];固原師專學(xué)報(bào);2004年01期

4 申麗紅;;語用預(yù)設(shè)與語篇連貫的建構(gòu)[J];河北理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年03期

5 陳麗霞;曾燕冰;;預(yù)設(shè)及其在文學(xué)語篇建構(gòu)中的作用[J];江西社會(huì)科學(xué);2010年09期

6 余芳;;淺析福爾摩斯偵探小說的人道主義思想[J];科教文匯(中旬刊);2008年03期

7 盧佳;戈玲玲;;語用預(yù)設(shè)在文學(xué)語篇中的功能探究[J];南華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年02期

8 熊杰;;柯南·道爾《血字的研究》中的敘事懸念[J];四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年06期

9 馬曉麗;語用預(yù)設(shè)理論在科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯中的應(yīng)用[J];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年03期

10 張文清;林本椿;;《福爾摩斯探案集》的漢譯狀況及部分譯本評(píng)析[J];三明學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年01期

本文編號(hào)：2503056