【摘要】：埃里克·阿瑟·布萊爾是一名著名的英國(guó)小說家，其筆名喬治·奧威爾更加耳熟能詳。奧威爾因其強(qiáng)烈的強(qiáng)烈不公正意識(shí)，民主社會(huì)主義的信仰以及偏愛使用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言而聞名于世。在其短暫的一生里，他創(chuàng)作了許多具有影響力的作品。 《動(dòng)物莊園》是奧威爾的代表作之一，也是迄今為止最杰出的小說之一。這不僅歸因于小說中的預(yù)言性故事在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中得到了證實(shí)，，而且在于這部描寫動(dòng)物的簡(jiǎn)短故事背后蘊(yùn)含著豐富而且深刻的主題。 《動(dòng)物莊園》因其故事內(nèi)容是俄國(guó)革命和蘇聯(lián)獨(dú)裁的真實(shí)寫照而被公認(rèn)為一部政治寓言小說。所以早期評(píng)論都集中在政治和文學(xué)手法角度。學(xué)者對(duì)小說的極權(quán)主義，反烏托邦主題，黑色幽默以及諷刺藝術(shù)手法都做過了詳盡的研究。除此之外，小說也蘊(yùn)含的濃厚的人文主義主題，有待于文學(xué)愛好者的發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析。論文通過確定小說描寫的對(duì)自由的壓制，人與人之間的不平等，對(duì)個(gè)性的壓抑和人性的墮落，進(jìn)而確定人文主義是小說一個(gè)重要的主題。動(dòng)物莊園宣揚(yáng)人文主義精神，實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是一個(gè)極權(quán)主義政府。小說批判了極權(quán)政府對(duì)人文主義的踐踏和毀滅。 論文以人文主義角度進(jìn)行分析，旨在提供一個(gè)理解《動(dòng)物莊園》的全新的維度。通過分析小說中的人文主義主題，本篇論文從四方面探究了小說中的人文主義的體現(xiàn)，分別是自由，平等，個(gè)性和人道。 本文包括四個(gè)章節(jié)。 第一章集中從兩個(gè)方面分析對(duì)人類自由侵犯的揭露，分別是言論自由和思想自由的限制。 第二章分析了對(duì)人類之間不平等的批判。本章節(jié)包括兩小節(jié)：財(cái)富的不平等和社會(huì)地位的不平等。 第三章討論了對(duì)壓抑人類個(gè)性的譴責(zé)。本章具體從壓抑人類美化外表和創(chuàng)新力這兩方面討論。 第四章主要分析對(duì)人性衰落的諷刺。該章分別從權(quán)利的貪婪，欺騙和偽善以及人類的暴行三方面分析。 在《動(dòng)物莊園》中，奧威爾展示了人文主義追求的偏離，使其墮落成一個(gè)以人文主義為幌子的核心卻是極權(quán)主義的社會(huì)。人文主義社會(huì)的墮落是極權(quán)主義壓制自由，等級(jí)之間懸殊的差距還有對(duì)個(gè)性的壓抑造成的。 奧威爾批判了極權(quán)主義對(duì)人文主義的踐踏和毀滅，旨在喚醒人們對(duì)人文主義核心思想自由，平等以及個(gè)性的重視。
[Abstract]:Eric Arthur Blair is a famous British novelist whose pseudonym George Orwell is more familiar. Orwell is famous for his strong sense of injustice, his belief in democratic socialism, and his preference for concise language. In his short life, he wrote many influential works. Animal Farm is one of Orwell's masterpieces and one of the most outstanding novels so far. This is not only due to the fact that the prophetic stories in the novel have been confirmed in the real world. "Animal Farm" is recognized as a political fable because it is a true portrayal of the Russian Revolution and Soviet dictatorship. So early comments focused on political and literary techniques. Scholars have thoroughly studied totalitarianism, dystopian themes, black humor, and satire. In addition, the novel also contains a strong theme of humanism, to be found and analyzed by literary lovers. By determining the suppression of freedom, the inequality between people, the suppression of personality and the depravity of human nature, the thesis determines that humanism is an important theme of the novel. Animal farms promote the spirit of humanism, but in essence is a totalitarian government. The novel criticizes the trampling and destruction of humanism by totalitarian government. This paper analyzes it from the angle of humanism, aiming to provide a new dimension of understanding Animal Farm. By analyzing the theme of humanism in the novel, this paper probes into the embodiment of humanism in the novel from four aspects: freedom, equality, individuality and humanity. This article includes four chapters. The first chapter focuses on two aspects to reveal the violation of human freedom, namely freedom of speech and freedom of thought. The second chapter analyzes the criticism of human inequality. This chapter includes two sections: inequality of wealth and inequality of social status. The third chapter discusses the condemnation of the suppression of human personality. This chapter specifically discusses the suppression of human beautification of appearance and innovation of these two aspects. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the satire of the decline of human nature. The chapter analyzes the greed of power, deception and hypocrisy, and human atrocity. In Animal Farm Orwell shows the deviation of the pursuit of humanism and degenerates it into a totalitarian society whose core is under the guise of humanism. The depravity of humanist society is caused by totalitarianism suppressing freedom, the disparity between classes and the suppression of individuality. Orwell criticized totalitarianism's trampling and destruction of humanism in order to awaken people's attention to humanism's core ideological freedom, equality and individuality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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