【摘要】：微生物是自然界中一大類生物的總稱,它們通常是單細胞或多細胞聚集生活。它們的活動廣泛而密切地與人類生活關聯(lián)著。通過寄生或共生的方式,微生物給人類帶來了有益或者有害的影響。腸道微生物在人體營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的攝取、免疫以及藥物代謝等方面起非常重要的作用。同樣大量的疾病也由微生物的寄生導致。 本文的研究即圍繞微生物對宿主影響的主題。在第一部分中,本文研究了宿主寄生相互作用在基因表達上的現(xiàn)象。本研究由一類寄生蟲疾病的研究入手,從基因表達水平研究寄生蟲對宿主細胞代謝途徑的影響。通過受惡性瘧原蟲以及微小隱孢子蟲感染的宿主細胞基因表達數(shù)據(jù)的研究,本研究揭示了該類寄生蟲對宿主細胞代謝通路的影響。利用富集分析的方法,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了受到寄生蟲影響顯著的的宿主代謝通路,其中一些通路所受的寄生蟲直接作用已有相關的文獻中報道。宿主代謝通路中基因表達的變化從一個側面反映了寄生蟲對宿主內(nèi)代謝底物的攝取。通過代謝網(wǎng)絡中基因表達的變化以及宿主和寄生蟲代謝網(wǎng)絡拓撲性上的互補,本研究討論了著兩類頂復亞門寄生蟲對宿主細胞的作用特性并給出了一個一般性的猜測。 另一方面,本研究搜集了微生物有害因子的基因序列數(shù)據(jù),構建了有害因子相關的數(shù)據(jù)庫。由于新一代測序技術的低成本和高通量,測序技術也將廣泛利用到微生物研究領域。由核酸序列數(shù)據(jù)可能成為微生物的研究成本最低也最為廣泛使用的數(shù)據(jù)類型。本研究中構建的數(shù)據(jù)庫以及針對二代測序數(shù)據(jù)而設計的工作流程可以為提供一個微生物有害因子快速檢測的平臺,提供微生物在基因水平上的有害性線索。本研究特別提出了有益菌潛在的危害性,搜集了一系列和益生菌潛在危害性相關的基因序列。同時,本研究對危害性的分類做了嘗試,給出了不同有害因子可能有害性的評價方法。最后,本研究通過對一組臨床微生物樣本測序數(shù)據(jù)的研究,展示了該數(shù)據(jù)庫的在有害菌分類以及有害性評估方面的應用。
[Abstract]:Microbes are a general term for a large group of organisms in nature. They are usually single-celled or multi-celled. Their activities are broadly and closely related to human life. Through parasitism or symbiosis, microbes bring beneficial or harmful effects to human beings. Intestinal microbes play an important role in the uptake of nutrients, immunity and drug metabolism. The same amount of disease is caused by microbial parasitism. This paper focuses on the effects of microbes on the host. In the first part, we studied the phenomenon of host parasitic interaction on gene expression. In this study, the effect of parasite on host cell metabolic pathway was studied from gene expression level. Through the study of gene expression data of host cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum and Cryptosporidium minimus, this study revealed the effect of these parasites on the metabolic pathway of host cells. By means of enrichment analysis, host metabolic pathways affected by parasites were found in this study, and some of them were directly affected by parasites, which have been reported in the literature. The changes of gene expression in host metabolic pathway reflect the uptake of host metabolic substrate by parasites. Based on the changes of gene expression in metabolic networks and the topological complementarities of host and parasite metabolic networks, this study discussed the action characteristics of two classes of apical subphylum parasites on host cells and gave a general conjecture. On the other hand, the gene sequence data of microbial harmful factors were collected, and the database of harmful factors was constructed. Because of the low cost and high throughput of the new generation sequencing technology, sequencing technology will be widely used in the field of microbial research. Nucleic acid sequence data may be the least costly and most widely used data type for microbial research. The database constructed in this study and the workflow designed for the second generation sequencing data can provide a platform for rapid detection of microbial harmful factors and provide clues of microbes' harm at the gene level. In this study, the potential harmfulness of beneficial bacteria was proposed, and a series of gene sequences related to probiotic potential hazards were collected. At the same time, the classification of harmfulness is tried, and the evaluation methods of different harmful factors are given. Finally, the application of the database in the classification and assessment of harmful bacteria was demonstrated through the study of a group of clinical microbial sample sequencing data.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R37

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相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 許濤;微生物的宿主寄生相互作用以及有害因子研究[D];上海交通大學;2011年

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本文編號：2282698