雌激素硫酸轉移酶SULT1E1的功能及調控研究
[Abstract]:Estrogen, as a steroid hormone, plays an important regulatory role in the target organs and tissues of the human body by binding to estrogen receptors in the nucleus (membrane), which can affect the secretion, metabolism, reproduction and development of normal physiological functions.
Estrogen synthesis is mediated by aromatase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I (17beta-HSD1) and sulfatase (STS). Estrogen metabolism is mainly accomplished by sulfation, which converts estrogen into sulfated estrogen. SULT1E1 is a key enzyme in the sulfation of estrogen. At present, the research on the relationship between SULT1E1 and hormone-dependent tumors is mostly focused on, and the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In addition, the function of SULT1E1 in the vascular endothelium, another target tissue of estrogen, has not been reported. Therefore, this study is divided into three parts, respectively, to study the function and regulation of estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 in hormone-dependent tumors and vascular endothelial cells.
Part I: Estrogen affects the development of hormone-dependent tumors, including breast and endometrial cancers, by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sulfation is the main pathway of estrogen metabolism. Estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 is the key enzyme in this reaction, and PAPSS (including PAPSS1 and PAPS2) provides the substrate sulfate. Firstly, through tissue chip staining and clinicopathological analysis, we found that the expression of estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 and PAPSS was different in tumor and adjacent (normal) tissues. The expression of SULT1E1 and PAPSS in tumor tissues was higher than that in normal or adjacent tissues. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells overexpressing SULT1E1 and PAPS1 in vitro showed that the overexpression of SULT1E1 and PAPS1 could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells induced by estrogen. Flow cytometry showed that estrogen could protect the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells induced by H202, while SULT1E1 and PAPS1 could sulfate the female. To further elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis, we examined the expression of genes/proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis. Overexpression of SULT1E1 and PAPS1 down-regulated the expression of oncogene c-myc, cyclin Dl and anti-apoptotic molecule bcl-2, and up-regulated the expression of apoptotic molecule bax. These results suggest that SULT1E1 and PAPS1 can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and promote apoptosis by regulating the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules.
Part II: Estrogen plays an important role in the cardiovascular system and protects the function of vascular endothelial cells. Estrogen can be catalyzed by sulfate transferase SULT1E1 to produce sulfated estrogen. However, so far, there are no reports about the function of SULT1E1 in endothelial cells. We speculate that SULT1E1 may affect endothelial cells. Function. We examined the expression of SULT1E1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results showed that SULT1E1 was abundantly expressed in HUVEC and was continuously expressed in previous generations of cells. Therefore, we designed and synthesized siRNA interference fragments targeting SULT1E1. Estrogen sulfation level.In vivo enzyme activity assay showed that SULT1E1 could transform 80 nM estrogen, while interfering with SULT1E1 could only transform 40 nM estrogen.Through real-time PCR gene screening, we found that interfering with SULT1E1 could regulate the release of inflammatory factors, cholesterol levels and cell migration, and affect the expression of related genes and proteins. In order to further explore whether estrogen affects the function of SULT1E1, estrogen can reverse the regulation of SULT1E1 on inflammatory factors, lipid metabolism and cell migration-related molecules, while estrogen can reverse the regulation of SULT1E1 on inflammatory factors, lipid metabolism and cell migration-related molecules without estrogen. In order to explain this phenomenon, we added estrogen E2 and sulfated estrogen E2S to detect their regulation of the above genes. E2S could up-regulate the expression of PPAR-gamma, IL-4 and lipid metabolism-related genes, and E2 had the opposite effect. In the presence of exogenous estrogen, only E2S could be regulated in the control group, while E2 and E2S could be regulated in the SULT1E1 group by interfering with SULT1E1.
Part III: Based on the importance of the role of estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 in estrogen function, the regulation of SULT1E1 is particularly important. At present, there are few studies on the regulation of SULT1E1. The expression of SULT1E1 in HUVEC and HUASMC was detected. The expression of SULT1E1 was up-regulated after the addition of IGF-1, and down-regulated after the addition of PPARa agonist WY14643. In vivo SULT1E1 enzyme activity assay showed that in HUASMC cells, IGF-1 enhanced the activity of SULT1E1 enzyme and increased the production of sulfated estrogen; WY14643 decreased the activity of SULT1E1 enzyme and decreased the production of sulfated estrogen. We constructed a luciferase reporter gene vector containing the promoter region of SULT1E1. IGF-1 increased the luciferase activity of SULT1E1, while the luciferase activity of SULT1E1 decreased when PPARa agonist WY14643 was added.
In conclusion, we conclude that estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 and PAPSS can slow down the growth of xenografts in nude mice by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis and inhibit estrogen-induced proliferation and Anti-apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, SULT1E1 can affect the inflammatory factors of umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating PPAR gamma. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and PPAR alpha agonist WY14643 can regulate the expression of SULT1E1 at transcriptional level and affect the activity of SULT1E1 enzyme. This study provides a new research idea for the effect of estrogen sulfate transferase SULT1E1 on estrogen function.
【學位授予單位】:復旦大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:R363
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