身心調(diào)節(jié)訓練的大腦功能與結(jié)構(gòu)特性改變研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-22 14:50
【摘要】：大腦的可塑性通常是指在外界環(huán)境或經(jīng)驗的作用下,大腦不斷塑造其功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。雖然已有大量的研究證實了,成年人的大腦也具有功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的可塑性。但采用同一種訓練方式,對不同訓練時期的大腦功能和結(jié)構(gòu)改變進行的研究還很少。本文通過整體身心調(diào)節(jié)訓練(Integrative Body Mind Training, IBMT)——一種在以往研究中被認為可以有效改變訓練者情緒狀態(tài)、免疫水平、腦血流以及自發(fā)腦電特征等心理、行為、生理表現(xiàn)的訓練方式,分別對5天,2周,4周和長期訓練者的大腦功能和結(jié)構(gòu)變化進行研究。本文的研究結(jié)果總結(jié)如下： 1.實驗一通過單光子斷層成像,測量接受5天IBMT的被試在訓練前后的局部腦血流變化情況。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),IBMT可以增加與自我調(diào)節(jié)、執(zhí)行控制、內(nèi)知覺感受等相關(guān)腦區(qū)(主要包括眶額回、扣帶回腹側(cè)、扣帶回背側(cè)、腦島以及紋狀體等)的局部腦血流。 2.繼實驗一中證明IBMT可以對大腦的功能活動產(chǎn)生影響之后,實驗二進一步通過彌散張量成像和高分辨率結(jié)構(gòu)像,測量接受2周IBMT的被試在訓練前后大腦白質(zhì)各向異性分數(shù)(FA),軸向擴散系數(shù)(AD),徑向擴散系數(shù)(RD)以及大腦灰質(zhì)密度的改變。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),2周IBMT后,反映軸突形態(tài)的AD值,在胼胝體、放射冠和矢狀層等腦區(qū)發(fā)生了下降,但反映白質(zhì)強度的FA值、髓鞘形態(tài)的RD值以及大腦灰質(zhì)密度并沒有變化。 3.與實驗二采用同樣的成像方法,實驗三測量接受4周IBMT的被試在訓練前后FA、AD、RD以及大腦灰質(zhì)密度的改變。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),胼胝體、放射冠和上縱束等腦區(qū)出現(xiàn)了FA值升高、AD與RD值下降的現(xiàn)象。這與其它訓練方式中FA值的改變只伴隨著RD值的變化不同。我們認為IBMT對大腦白質(zhì)影響的神經(jīng)機制,可能與其它訓練方式存在著差異。實驗結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn),4周IBMT仍未對大腦灰質(zhì)密度產(chǎn)生影響。 4.實驗四對老年長期IBMT訓練者的大腦灰質(zhì)密度以及反映腦老化程度的靜息狀態(tài)下功能連接系數(shù)進行研究。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),長期IBMT訓練者在紋狀體具有更大的灰質(zhì)密度,以及更強的前扣帶回背側(cè)到紋狀體的功能連通。這也許是長期IBMT對訓練者注意和自我調(diào)控提高的神經(jīng)機制。
[Abstract]:The plasticity of the brain usually refers to the ability of the brain to shape its function and structure under the influence of external environment or experience. Although a large number of studies have confirmed that the adult brain also has functional and structural plasticity, the same training method is used to study the changes of brain function and structure during different training periods. In this study, we used the Integrative Body Mind Training (IBMT), a training method which was considered to be effective in changing trainees'emotional state, immune level, cerebral blood flow and spontaneous EEG characteristics. The functional and structural changes of the brain were studied.
1. In experiment 1, the changes of regional cerebral blood flow were measured by single photon tomography before and after IBMT training for 5 days. It was found that IBMT could increase the local cerebral blood flow in the brain regions related to self-regulation, executive control, and internal perception (including orbital frontal gyrus, ventral cingulate gyrus, dorsal cingulate gyrus, insula and striatum, etc.). Flow.
2. After the first experiment proved that IBMT could affect the brain function, the second experiment measured the changes of white matter anisotropy fraction (FA), axial diffusion coefficient (AD), radial diffusion coefficient (RD) and gray matter density before and after training by diffusion tensor imaging and high-resolution structural imaging. After 2 weeks of IBMT, AD values reflecting axonal morphology decreased in the corpus callosum, radiation corona and sagittal layer, but FA values reflecting white matter strength, RD values reflecting myelin sheath morphology and gray matter density of the brain remained unchanged.
3. In experiment 3, FA, AD, RD and gray matter density were measured before and after 4 weeks of IBMT training with the same imaging method as in experiment 2. The results also showed that IBMT had no effect on the density of gray matter in 4 weeks.
4. In Experiment 4, grey matter density and resting functional connectivity coefficient were studied in elderly IBMT trainees. It was found that long-term IBMT trainees had higher grey matter density in striatum and stronger functional connectivity from dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus to striatum. The neural mechanisms of attention and self regulation are improved.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R338
本文編號：2197429
[Abstract]:The plasticity of the brain usually refers to the ability of the brain to shape its function and structure under the influence of external environment or experience. Although a large number of studies have confirmed that the adult brain also has functional and structural plasticity, the same training method is used to study the changes of brain function and structure during different training periods. In this study, we used the Integrative Body Mind Training (IBMT), a training method which was considered to be effective in changing trainees'emotional state, immune level, cerebral blood flow and spontaneous EEG characteristics. The functional and structural changes of the brain were studied.
1. In experiment 1, the changes of regional cerebral blood flow were measured by single photon tomography before and after IBMT training for 5 days. It was found that IBMT could increase the local cerebral blood flow in the brain regions related to self-regulation, executive control, and internal perception (including orbital frontal gyrus, ventral cingulate gyrus, dorsal cingulate gyrus, insula and striatum, etc.). Flow.
2. After the first experiment proved that IBMT could affect the brain function, the second experiment measured the changes of white matter anisotropy fraction (FA), axial diffusion coefficient (AD), radial diffusion coefficient (RD) and gray matter density before and after training by diffusion tensor imaging and high-resolution structural imaging. After 2 weeks of IBMT, AD values reflecting axonal morphology decreased in the corpus callosum, radiation corona and sagittal layer, but FA values reflecting white matter strength, RD values reflecting myelin sheath morphology and gray matter density of the brain remained unchanged.
3. In experiment 3, FA, AD, RD and gray matter density were measured before and after 4 weeks of IBMT training with the same imaging method as in experiment 2. The results also showed that IBMT had no effect on the density of gray matter in 4 weeks.
4. In Experiment 4, grey matter density and resting functional connectivity coefficient were studied in elderly IBMT trainees. It was found that long-term IBMT trainees had higher grey matter density in striatum and stronger functional connectivity from dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus to striatum. The neural mechanisms of attention and self regulation are improved.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R338
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，本文編號：2197429
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