本文選題：應(yīng)用 + 高通　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：皮膚表面的微生物扮演了一個(gè)非常特殊的角色。它們覆蓋在皮膚表面并依靠人體細(xì)胞分泌的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)生長繁殖,而微生物反過來會作用于人體皮膚的日常生理代謝；同時(shí),外界環(huán)境的變化也會對它們產(chǎn)生一定影響。不同皮膚部位的生理狀態(tài)差異形成了不同部位皮膚微生物種屬特點(diǎn)。在過去幾十年基于培養(yǎng)方法的研究為皮膚微生物奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。由于皮膚表面屬于相對缺水的環(huán)境,因此微生物多以革蘭氏陽性菌為主,在一些相對潮濕的部位會有少量革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌存在。近幾年,許多研究利用細(xì)菌16S rRNA基因分析對了皮膚總微生物進(jìn)行了分類鑒定,除了進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)并補(bǔ)充了通過培養(yǎng)方法所得的皮膚核心微生物組成以外,從皮膚微環(huán)境宏觀的角度對皮膚環(huán)境和微生物多樣性相互作用有了更深一步的認(rèn)識。相對于其他的生態(tài)環(huán)境,如土壤,海洋,皮膚微生物多樣性較低,且一些主要微生物種類所占比例較高,穩(wěn)定存在,說明這些微生物在皮膚代謝上扮演了相當(dāng)重要的作用。 本課題通過了焦磷酸測序法研究了母親和嬰兒各個(gè)皮膚部位的微生物類群,并通過多樣性分析,聚類分析等生物信息學(xué)分析方法探究了以下幾個(gè)問題：1)人體皮膚干性,油性,濕潤部位的微生物群落差異；2)母親嬰兒主要皮膚微生物；3)嬰兒的天然攜帶菌群與環(huán)境因素的聯(lián)系；4)母嬰之間的微生物群落和母嬰間菌群的相關(guān)性。通過分析結(jié)果并結(jié)合過去相關(guān)的研究,初步確定不同皮膚部位的主要微生物類群和他們的作用。 母嬰皮膚微生物主要分布在Actinobacteria(放線菌門),Firmicutes(厚壁菌門),Proteobacteria(變形菌門)和Bacteroidetes(擬桿菌門)。兩者核心微生物的種類類似,但是微生物豐度差別很大,其他常駐微生物種類也存在區(qū)別。Propionibacterium(丙酸桿菌)在母親各個(gè)部位的豐度明顯高于嬰兒,它和油脂分泌呈正相關(guān)。嬰兒皮膚表面主要為Streptococcus和Staphylococcus,且剖腹產(chǎn)嬰兒的Staphylococcus含量顯著高于順產(chǎn)嬰兒。同一對嬰兒和母親的微生物種類比較類似,但是嬰兒的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與母親差異較大,反而是所有的嬰兒更為相近。嬰兒異于母親的主要微生物類群大多都是常見的口腔微生物,說明了人體初期皮膚微生物的來源可能是口腔。
[Abstract]:Microbes on the surface of the skin play a very special role. They cover the skin surface and rely on the nutrients secreted by human cells to grow and reproduce, and the microbes in turn affect the daily physiological metabolism of human skin. At the same time, the changes of the external environment will also have a certain impact on them. The difference of physiological state of different skin parts formed the characteristics of microorganism species in different parts of skin. In the past few decades, the research based on culture methods has laid a foundation for skin microbes. Because the skin surface belongs to the environment of relative lack of water, the microbes are mainly Gram-positive bacteria, and a small amount of Gram-negative bacteria can be found in some relatively humid parts. In recent years, many studies have used the 16s rRNA gene analysis of bacteria to classify and identify the total microbes in skin, in addition to further identifying and supplementing the composition of the core microbes of skin obtained by the method of culture. The interaction between skin environment and microbial diversity has been further understood from the macro point of view of skin microenvironment. Compared with other ecological environment, such as soil, ocean, skin microorganism diversity is low, and some major microbial species account for a higher proportion, stable existence, indicating that these microorganisms play a very important role in skin metabolism. In this paper, we studied the microbes in different skin parts of mother and baby by pyrosequencing method, and explored the following questions: 1) dryness and oiliness of human skin by using bioinformatics methods such as diversity analysis, cluster analysis and other bioinformatics methods. (2) the relationship between the natural carrier bacteria and environmental factors in the mother's infant (2) the relationship between the natural carrier bacteria and environmental factors (4) the relationship between the microbial community of mother and infant and between mother and child. By analyzing the results and combining with previous studies, the main microbial groups and their roles in different skin regions were preliminarily identified. The skin microbes of mother and infant are mainly distributed in Actinobacteria (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidetes. The species of core microbes were similar, but the abundance of other resident microbes was different. Propionibacterium propionibacterium (Propionibacterium) was more abundant in all parts of mother than in infants, which was positively correlated with lipid secretion. The skin surface of infants was mainly Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and the content of Staphylococcus in caesarean delivery was significantly higher than that in normal infants. The microorganism species of the same pair of infants and mothers were similar, but the microbial community structure of infants was different from that of mothers, but all infants were closer to each other. Most of the main microbial groups of infants different from their mothers are common oral microbes, which suggests that the origin of skin microbes in early human body may be oral cavity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R392

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 辛淑君;劉之力;史月君;Kenneth R Feingold;Peter M Elias;，

本文編號：1964033