本文選題：大腦半球皮質 + 額葉�。� 參考：《廣西醫(yī)科大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:深入了解額葉腦回形態(tài)構筑,為臨床應用提供更詳細的資料,探討大腦半球形態(tài)差異的評價指標,為比較不同大腦半球及其功能差異提供形態(tài)學資料。 方法:福爾馬林固定成人腦標本35例(男性25例,女性10例),取腦后作兩方面處理:一、用數碼相機給每一例腦拍照前面、前外側面、后面、后外側面、上面及下面的照片,導入計算機備查。按腦回位置、形態(tài)分為直線形、彎曲形、轉折形、團塊形和環(huán)島形,按由簡到繁相應確定為1級、2級、3級、4級和5級,對每一例大腦半球額葉腦回進行觀測、評判。同時觀察額葉各腦回大小比例,位置、排列和額葉整體形態(tài)。二、用設計好的拍攝架從前向后連續(xù)拍攝大腦半球外側面各個角度的照片,將每一側半球拍攝的300多張照片拼合成一張平面展開圖。用專業(yè)軟件在拼合的平面圖上對額葉、及各腦回面積、腦溝的起止點、分支進行測算,所得數據作配對t檢驗。 結果:從額葉各腦回形態(tài)看,中央前回呈上下走向,多為上小下大,長方條形或上半后移,下半前突,中下1/3交界處可見斷開,上下端和中部前緣分別與額上、中、下回相連。額上回前后走向,后端大前端小,呈梯形、三角形或長條形。額中回形態(tài)變化最大,一條或兩條彎曲腦回,從后向前全長或僅有后半段,后端起于中央前回中部或中下部,或來自額下回的分支,或連于額上回,前端分別連于額上、下回,或僅向前下連于額下回前端,中部屈曲、折疊、環(huán)繞成環(huán)狀,或從其上緣分支至額上回。額下回前后徑較短,多由上下走向腦回構成。額極附近(額前區(qū))腦回呈內外側走向,特別額中回只有后半段的標本,可見幾條橫行腦回,這種腦回排列的額葉整體形態(tài)表現為額前區(qū)內外側徑向和上下徑向擴大。此外,在中央前回前方,可見與中央前回平行的腦回,達中央前回全長2/3,我們稱之為中央前回副回,以區(qū)別中央前回。從腦回形態(tài)分級看,中央前回以2、3級即彎曲和轉折居多,額上回為3級轉折居多數,額中回和額下回大多為5級即環(huán)島狀。從展開平面圖看,額葉外側面皮質面積左、右側不同,額上回,額下回皮質面積左、右側不同(P≤0.01)。額上溝大多起自上中央前溝或其后方,左右均大于75%。多呈1、2段出現,分3段出現不到17%,額上溝止于額極左右均大于50%,還有不到25%止于額葉前方1/3處。額下溝起自中央前溝下1/3和中央前溝前1/3左右,均大于65%,止于額葉前1/3,左半球占43%,右半球占46%。 結論: 1.腦回形態(tài)可作為腦差異比較的指標之一,將腦回形態(tài)分級可進行大腦半球形態(tài)差異比較。中央前回和額上回位置和形態(tài)比較恒定,形態(tài)分級較低,額中回和額下回形態(tài)變化大,形態(tài)分級較高。2.額葉腦回構筑除了傳統(tǒng)認識的形態(tài)外,還可見其他形態(tài),腦中回形態(tài)可影響相鄰腦回形態(tài)、額葉形態(tài)和顱外結構形態(tài)。3.人大腦半球左、右側額葉皮質面積、腦回形態(tài)級別和腦回構筑均存在差異。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the morphological structure of frontal gyrus, to provide more detailed information for clinical application, to explore the evaluation indexes of cerebral hemisphere morphological differences, and to provide morphological data for comparison of different cerebral hemispheres and their functional differences.
Methods: 35 adult brain specimens (25 males and 10 females) were fixed with formalin, and two were treated after the brain. First, a digital camera was used to give each case the front of the brain, the front side, the back, the rear side, the upper and lower pictures, and the computer was introduced. The shape was divided into straight, curved, turning, lump, and rings according to the position of the brain. Island shape, determined as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 from simple to propagation, to observe the frontal gyrus of each cerebral hemisphere, evaluate the proportion of the frontal gyrus, position, arrangement and whole frontal lobe of the frontal lobe. Two, each picture of each angle of the cerebral hemisphere from the front and back with the designed frame, will be taken every one. More than 300 photos taken in the side hemispheres were combined into a plane expansion map. The frontal lobe, the area of the brain gyrus, the beginning and stop of the brain gully, and the branches were measured with the professional software. The data were paired t test.
Results: from the morphology of the frontal gyrus, the anterior central gyrus was up and down, mostly upper and lower, the long square or the upper half, the lower half protrusion, the middle and lower 1/3 junction visible disconnection, the upper and the middle front edge connected with the forehead, middle and lower back respectively. The largest, one or two curved gyrus, from the back to the back of the central or middle part of the central or middle part, or from the upper back, or from the upper part of the frontal gyrus, or the upper part of the frontal gyrus, and the front end of the frontal, lower, or only forward, flexing, folding, circumferential, or branching from the upper edge of the forehead. The upper and lower frontal gyrus of the frontal and lower gyrus is shorter, mostly from the upper and lower to the cerebral gyrus. The brain gyrus in the vicinity of the frontal pole (front of the frontal area) is in the internal and external lateral direction, especially in the posterior half of the frontal gyrus, which shows several horizontal gyrus, and the overall morphology of the frontal lobe appears to be radial and upward and lower radial in the front of the frontal area. We can see the cerebral gyrus parallel to the anterior central gyrus, reaching the central anterior gyrus 2/3, which we call the central pregyrus secondary gyrus to distinguish the precentral gyrus from the central precentral gyrus. From the morphological classification of the cerebral gyrus, the precentral gyrus at the 2,3 level is bending and turning most, the upper part of the frontal gyrus is the majority of the 3 grades, and the middle frontal gyrus and the lower frontal gyrus are mostly ring 5. The lateral cortex area was different in the left and right side of the frontal cortex, the upper frontal gyrus, the left and the right side of the inferior frontal cortex (P < 0.01). Most of the upper trenches were from the upper central sulcus or the rear, and more than 75%. were more than the 1,2 segment, the 3 segments appeared less than 17%, the upper trench was more than 50% in the frontal pole, and less than 25% at the frontal lobe 1/3. The lower frontal groove. From the anterior central sulcus 1/3 and 1/3 before the central sulcus, all were greater than 65%, ending in frontal 1/3, 43% in the left hemisphere, and 46%. in the right hemisphere.
Conclusion: the morphology of 1. cerebral gyrus can be used as one of the indexes of brain difference comparison. The morphological classification of cerebral gyrus can be compared. The position and shape of the precentral gyrus and the upper frontal gyrus are relatively constant, the morphological classification is lower, the middle frontal gyrus and the lower frontal gyrus are large, and the morphology of the frontal gyrus.2. is higher than the traditional form of cognition. In addition, the morphology of the cerebral gyrus can be influenced by other morphologies. The morphology of the cerebral gyrus, the morphology of the frontal lobe and the external structure of the brain,.3., the left of the cerebral hemisphere, the area of the right frontal cortex, the morphological level of the cerebral gyrus and the architecture of the cerebral gyrus are different.
【學位授予單位】：廣西醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：R322

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