本文選題：數(shù)字 + 全身　； 參考：《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：研究背景和目的 分割為創(chuàng)建三維模型很必要的一步。為了建立整個(gè)人體所有結(jié)構(gòu)的三維模型，以便于后期的廣泛應(yīng)用，我們選擇中國(guó)數(shù)字化人體(CVH)數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行分割。分割結(jié)構(gòu)越詳細(xì)，能提供的后期應(yīng)用就越有潛力，其中包括人體局部和斷面解剖學(xué)研究，，解剖教育和醫(yī)學(xué)模擬等等。本博士課題后期的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究都建立在分割數(shù)據(jù)集基礎(chǔ)上的。 上縱隔解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和它們的空間毗鄰關(guān)系較為復(fù)雜，難以掌握。雖然CT圖像對(duì)人體損傷較小，能夠被用于多個(gè)方面，但軟組織清晰度和分辨率較差。CVH圖像分辨率較高，斷面解剖圖像顯示的顏色都為器官組織本身自然的顏色，因此，CVH圖像可以做為CT圖像的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充。我們選擇CT圖像和CVH薄層斷面解剖圖像上的上縱隔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)照研究，對(duì)上縱隔疾病的診斷提供有效的形態(tài)學(xué)參考。 人體盆腔因其位置深在、可及性有限，人們對(duì)盆腔解剖的認(rèn)識(shí)有一定限度。其中肛提肌、尿道括約肌復(fù)合體、肛門(mén)括約肌復(fù)合體和會(huì)陰中心體等結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)及其毗鄰關(guān)系仍然需要去研究和了解。而且，盆腔臟器解剖形態(tài)及其毗鄰關(guān)系仍然不大清楚。由于人體解剖結(jié)構(gòu)隨年齡變化而變化，本研究中，我們打算使用6例CVH年輕人盆腔斷面解剖圖像，對(duì)其盆腔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分割和三維重建，建立詳細(xì)的人體盆腔局解模型。 研究主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論顯示如下： 經(jīng)過(guò)我們使用PHOTOSHOP等軟件的半自動(dòng)分割，完成了CVH男性的869個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和CVH女性的860個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)分割，分割文件格式為PSD和PNG，分割區(qū)域內(nèi)填充不同的RGB顏色。在這些分割結(jié)構(gòu)中，所有的肌肉結(jié)構(gòu)都包括其肌腹和肌腱部分，中空器官包括器官壁和器官腔。大部分神經(jīng)干、小動(dòng)脈、淋巴結(jié)和淋巴管道也被分割。通過(guò)使用分割數(shù)據(jù)集，可以創(chuàng)建很多面繪制和體繪制器官模型。CVH男性和女性都能夠代表正常的亞洲成年人體型。使用分割數(shù)據(jù)集創(chuàng)建的三維重建模型，可建立帶有物理學(xué)和生理學(xué)信息的三維物理或生理模型，有助于促進(jìn)中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展。 我們使用CVH男性數(shù)據(jù)，其標(biāo)本年齡為35歲，和一個(gè)45歲無(wú)器質(zhì)性損傷的男性CT平片和增強(qiáng)CT圖像進(jìn)行了對(duì)照研究。另外，我們基于CVH斷面圖像和其分割數(shù)據(jù)和該CT數(shù)據(jù)集，對(duì)人體上縱膈結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了三維重建，并進(jìn)行對(duì)照觀察研究。CVH三維面繪制和體繪制重建模型有助于醫(yī)學(xué)生和低年制胸外科醫(yī)師熟悉上縱隔的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和它們之間的毗鄰關(guān)系，進(jìn)行解釋病人CT圖像，為上縱隔的影像資料提供形態(tài)學(xué)參考。 在基于數(shù)字人分割數(shù)據(jù)集的基礎(chǔ)上，我們使用了3D-DOCTOR和AMIRA軟件，對(duì)男性盆腔臟器：包括直腸、膀胱、男性尿道、輸尿管、精囊腺、輸精管、射精管、閉孔內(nèi)肌、肛提肌、尾骨肌、男性骨盆骨、股骨、前列腺靜脈叢、尿道括約肌、會(huì)陰中心體、尿道旁腺、盆腔動(dòng)脈和靜脈的邊界輪廓進(jìn)行了提取，然后行面繪制三維重建，結(jié)構(gòu)可以單獨(dú)和交互顯示。聯(lián)合AMIRA軟件，男性泌尿器官面繪制三維重建模型和其體繪制三維重建的毗鄰結(jié)構(gòu)都能夠得到清晰而正確的顯示。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)陰深橫肌并不存在，所謂的會(huì)陰深橫肌其實(shí)就是尿道括約肌下部。該三維重建模型能夠給醫(yī)學(xué)生和年輕的泌尿外科醫(yī)師后期進(jìn)行男性盆腔虛擬解剖和虛擬外科手術(shù)。 在基于數(shù)字人女性分割數(shù)據(jù)集的基礎(chǔ)上，我們對(duì)四個(gè)CVH年輕女性盆腔的大部分解剖結(jié)構(gòu)被分割和三維重建。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：肛提肌主要分為恥骨直腸肌和髂骨尾骨肌，髂骨尾骨肌分為內(nèi)外兩層，內(nèi)層向下連接聯(lián)合縱肌，向內(nèi)連接直腸尾骨肌。肛門(mén)外括約肌主要分為皮下部和淺部。肛門(mén)外括約肌深部其實(shí)和直腸尾骨肌為一塊肌肉。尿道括約肌下部包括尿道壓肌和尿道陰道括約肌，尿道壓肌直接連接到了肛提肌。我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)陰深橫肌，所謂的會(huì)陰深橫肌其實(shí)為尿道括約肌下部，其包括尿道壓肌和尿道陰道括約肌。會(huì)陰中心體位于陰道后方，球海綿體肌和巴氏腺內(nèi)側(cè)，會(huì)陰淺橫肌、球海綿體肌和肛門(mén)括約肌的前方。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of the study

In order to establish a three - dimensional model of all the structures of the whole human body , we choose the Chinese Digital Human Body ( CVH ) dataset to be segmented . The more detailed the segmentation structure , the more potential the later application can be provided , including local and cross - sectional anatomy , anatomical education and medical simulation .

Although CT images have little damage to human body , it is difficult to grasp . Although CT images have less damage to human body , they can be used in many aspects , but soft tissue definition and resolution are poor . The CVH images can be used as a complement to CT images .

The pelvic cavity anatomy and its adjacent relation still need to be studied and understood because of its deep position and limited ability . The anatomical morphology and its adjacent relationship between the anal sphincter , the urethral sphincter complex , the anal sphincter complex and the central body of the epidendal still need to be studied and understood .

The main findings and conclusions of the study are shown below :

By using semi - automatic segmentation of software such as PHOTOSHOP , the data partitioning of 860 structures of CVH male and 860 structures of CVH women were completed . The file formats were PSD and PNG , and different RGB colors were filled in the segmented regions . Most nerve stem , arterioles , lymph nodes and lymphatic channels were segmented . Most of the nerve stem , arterioles , lymph nodes and lymphatic channels were segmented .

We use CVH male data , its specimen age is 35 years old , and a 45 - year - old male CT plain film and enhanced CT image for control study . In addition , we performed three - dimensional reconstruction of mediastinal structure on human body based on CVH section image and its segmentation data and CT data set .

On the basis of the data set based on the digital man , we used 3D - DOPA and AMIRA software to extract the male pelvic viscera : including rectum , bladder , male urethra , ureter , seminal vesicle gland , vasectomy , ulatory duct , obturator internus muscle , levator ani muscle , posterior urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur , prostate vein plexus , urethral sphincter , male pelvic bone , femur ,

On the basis of the data set of digital human female segmentation , we divided and three - dimensional reconstruction of the most anatomical structures of four CVH young female pelvic cavities .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R322

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 魏高峰;唐剛;付增良;孫秋明;田豐;;基于Creator/Vega的中國(guó)力學(xué)虛擬人仿真系統(tǒng)研究[J];生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)雜志;2010年05期

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