本文選題：糖尿病 + 版納微型豬　； 參考：《南華大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景及目的：糖尿病(DM)是一種嚴(yán)重危害人體健康的常見(jiàn)內(nèi)分泌代謝疾病，DM的發(fā)生由胰島素分泌缺乏及(或)其生物作用障礙引起，主要特征表現(xiàn)為高血糖。根據(jù)胰島素缺乏的類型，可將糖尿病分為1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病，胰島素抵抗(IR)是二者區(qū)分的關(guān)鍵。在DM發(fā)生過(guò)程中，有多種蛋白和細(xì)胞因子同時(shí)參與，共同調(diào)節(jié)著糖類和脂質(zhì)代謝過(guò)程，闡明它們?cè)贒M中的作用機(jī)制，有利于積極預(yù)防和治療DM。已有研究表明肌肉素(Musclin)能明顯地抑制由胰島素促進(jìn)的葡萄糖攝入及糖元合成過(guò)程，推測(cè)Musclin與血糖、胰島素之間存在某種聯(lián)系，Musclin在DM的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著重要作用，但具體作用機(jī)理仍不明確。因此，本論文在高糖高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)聯(lián)合多次小劑量STZ注射成功建立版納微型豬糖尿病模型的基礎(chǔ)上，觀察Musclin在版納微型豬血清及各組織中的表達(dá)情況，并初步探討肌肉素(Musclin)在糖尿病中的作用。 方法：1.實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及分組：8頭版納微型豬，全雄性，2月齡，隨機(jī)分為兩組：正常對(duì)照組(CD)；高糖高脂+STZ注射組(HFSD+STZ)。2.糖尿病模型的建立：CD組飼以基礎(chǔ)飼料；HFSD+STZ組飼以高糖高脂飼料，在第1個(gè)月的第1周按50mg/kg體重腹腔注射1%的STZ，在飼養(yǎng)第7個(gè)月的第1周連續(xù)3次通過(guò)耳緣靜脈注射STZ (每天1次)，每次注射量為50mg/kg體重。CD組版納微型豬僅注射等體積的檸檬酸一檸檬酸鈉緩沖液。建模期12個(gè)月。3.血清生化指標(biāo)的檢測(cè)：每個(gè)月末采用葡萄糖氧化酶-過(guò)氧化物酶法檢測(cè)空腹血清葡萄糖濃度、直接化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測(cè)胰島素濃度、甘油磷酸氧化酶-過(guò)氧化物酶法檢測(cè)甘油三酯和膽固醇氧化酶-過(guò)氧化物酶法檢測(cè)總膽固醇濃度，并在第12個(gè)月末進(jìn)行靜脈葡萄糖耐量試驗(yàn)(IVGTT)和改良靜脈糖耐量試驗(yàn)；每個(gè)月末采用ELISA法檢測(cè)血清中的Musclin含量。4.第12個(gè)月末處死動(dòng)物，，分離心肌、肝臟、腎臟、骨骼肌和胰腺組織，HE染色，光鏡下觀察各組織的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，電鏡下觀察各組織的超微結(jié)構(gòu)，PAS染色觀察肌糖原及肝糖原合成情況,蘇丹IV染色觀察脂質(zhì)沉積情況。5.Western Blot方法及免疫組織化學(xué)法分別檢測(cè)Musclin在版納微型豬骨骼肌、肝臟、腎臟和胰腺中的蛋白表達(dá)和蛋白定位情況。 結(jié)果：高糖高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)聯(lián)合多次小劑量STZ注射導(dǎo)致版納微型豬的糖代謝和脂代謝發(fā)生紊亂：血糖升高，血清胰島素濃度下降，糖耐量減退及胰島素敏感性降低，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)血清甘油三酯、總膽固醇濃度明顯升高。在光鏡、電鏡下，各組織結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了不同程度的病理改變，肌糖原和肝糖原的合成減少，肝臟和胰腺組織內(nèi)出現(xiàn)脂質(zhì)蓄積。高糖高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)加STZ注射后，版納微型豬血清中Musclin的含量增加，到第5個(gè)月增加顯著，6月Musclin表達(dá)達(dá)到高峰，7月開(kāi)始下降，但仍高于CD組。HFSD+STZ組版納微型豬肝、腎、胰腺和骨骼肌組織中Musclin蛋白的表達(dá)明顯升高，與CD組相比差異顯著。 結(jié)論： 1.高糖高脂飲食聯(lián)合STZ注射可誘導(dǎo)版納微型豬出現(xiàn)高血糖、低胰島素血癥、高甘油三酯血癥和高膽固醇血癥，發(fā)生糖耐量減低，胰島素敏感性降低，組織結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)病理改變，成功建立版納微型豬糖尿病模型。 2. HFSD+STZ注射可上調(diào)版納微型豬血清中Musclin的表達(dá)及肝、腎、骨骼肌和胰腺組織Musclin蛋白的表達(dá)。推測(cè)Musclin參與糖代謝過(guò)程，可能誘發(fā)胰島素抵抗。
[Abstract]:Background and objective: diabetes (DM) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease that seriously endangering human health. The occurrence of DM is caused by the lack of insulin secretion and (or) its biological disturbance. The main characteristics are hyperglycemia. According to the type of insulin deficiency, diabetes can be divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance (IR). It is the key to distinguish between the two. In the process of DM, a variety of proteins and cytokines are involved in the simultaneous regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes, and the mechanism of their action in DM is clarified, which is beneficial to the active prevention and treatment of DM., which indicates that the muscle element (Musclin) Neng Ming significantly inhibits the glucose intake and sugar promoted by insulin. In the process of meta synthesis, we speculate that there is a connection between Musclin and blood glucose and insulin, and Musclin plays an important role in the development of DM, but the specific mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, on the basis of the successful establishment of a miniature swine diabetes model with high glucose and high fat diet feeding combined with multiple small dose STZ injection, this paper observed Musclin In Banna miniature pig serum and tissues, the expression of myostatin (Musclin) in diabetes mellitus was preliminarily investigated.
Methods: 1. experimental animals and groups: 8 Banna miniature pigs, full male, 2 month old, were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (CD), high glucose and high fat +STZ injection group (HFSD+STZ).2. diabetes model: the CD group was fed with basal diet, the HFSD+STZ group was fed with high glucose and high fat feed, and 1% was injected into the abdominal cavity by 50mg/kg body weight at first weeks of first months. STZ, STZ (1 times per day) was injected through the auricular vein 3 times in the first week of seventh months of feeding, each injection of 50mg/kg body weight.CD Banna mini pig was only injected with equal volume of citrate sodium citrate buffer. The serum biochemical indexes of.3. in the modeling period of 12 months were detected by the glucose oxidase peroxidase method at the end of each month. Serum glucose concentration was measured on the fasting serum, the concentration of insulin was detected by direct chemiluminescence, glyceric phosphate oxidase peroxidase assay was used to detect triglyceride and cholesterol oxidase peroxidase method to detect total cholesterol concentration, and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and improved intravenous glucose tolerance test were carried out at the end of twelfth months. The Musclin content in serum was detected by ELISA method at the end of twelfth months, and the animals were killed at the end of twelfth months. The myocardium, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas tissue were separated. The morphology and structure of the tissues were observed under the light microscope. The ultrastructure of the tissues was observed under the light microscope. The synthesis of glycogen and liver glycogen was observed by PAS staining. The lipid precipitation was observed by IV staining in Sultan. The lipid precipitation was observed by IV staining. The protein expression and protein localization of Musclin in the skeletal muscle, liver, kidney and pancreas of Banna miniature pig were detected by.5.Western Blot method and immunohistochemistry.
Results: high glucose and high fat diet combined with multiple small dose of STZ injection led to the disorder of sugar metabolism and lipid metabolism in Banna miniature pigs: blood glucose increased, serum insulin concentration decreased, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity decreased, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration increased significantly. Under light microscope, electron microscope, each tissue The structure of the structure had varying degrees of pathological changes, the synthesis of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen decreased, lipid accumulation in the liver and pancreas tissue appeared. After high fat diet feeding and STZ injection, the content of Musclin in the serum of minitype pig increased significantly to fifth months, the expression of Musclin reached the peak in June and began to decline in July, but still higher than CD In group.HFSD+STZ, the expression of Musclin protein was significantly increased in Banna miniature pig liver, kidney, pancreas and skeletal muscle, and was significantly different from that in group CD.
Conclusion:
1. high glucose and high fat diet combined with STZ injection can induce hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, lower glucose tolerance, lower insulin sensitivity and pathological changes in tissue structure.
2. HFSD+STZ injection can increase the expression of Musclin in the serum of minipig and the expression of Musclin protein in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas. It is presumed that Musclin participates in the process of glucose metabolism and may induce insulin resistance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R-332

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