本文選題：先天性免疫　切入點(diǎn)：手足口病　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD)是由數(shù)種腸道病毒引起的全球性的傳染病。多發(fā)生于5歲以下兒童,可引起手、足、口腔、臀部等部位的皰疹。通常情況下,手足口病發(fā)病較輕,少年兒童和成人感染為無(wú)癥狀攜帶者,但能夠傳播病毒。病程約為7至10天,少數(shù)患兒可引起心肌炎、肺水腫、無(wú)菌性腦膜腦炎等并發(fā)癥,個(gè)別重癥患兒因病情發(fā)展快而導(dǎo)致死亡 流行病學(xué)結(jié)果顯示HFMD以柯薩奇病毒A16型(Cox A16)和腸道病毒71型(EV71)最為常見(jiàn),CA16引起的HFMD預(yù)后較好,多為散發(fā),極少導(dǎo)致HFMD的大規(guī)模暴發(fā)。EV71感染引起重癥和死亡病例較多見(jiàn)。 先天性免疫(innate immunity)指?jìng)�(gè)體出生時(shí)即具備,作用范圍廣,不針對(duì)特定抗原的免疫能力,所以也稱為非特異性免疫(nonspecific immunity)。在機(jī)體的防御機(jī)制中具有重要作用,是抵抗病原微生物感染的第一道防線,是機(jī)體對(duì)多種抗原物質(zhì)的生理性排斥反應(yīng)。 先天性免疫應(yīng)答(innate immune response)的一個(gè)重要方面是Ⅰ型干擾素(type I interferon)的合成和分泌。Ⅰ型干擾素由多種細(xì)胞在病毒感染時(shí)產(chǎn)生,具有早期抗病毒作用,可與細(xì)胞膜上的特異性受體結(jié)合,并且可以引發(fā)級(jí)聯(lián)性的信號(hào)放大效應(yīng),最終誘導(dǎo)靶細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生特異的抗病毒蛋白。 從HFMD的發(fā)病特點(diǎn)來(lái)看,其潛伏期為2-7天,死亡病例病程約3-5天,在如此短的病程中,機(jī)體對(duì)EV71病毒感染的獲得性免疫應(yīng)答尚未建立。因此,病毒感染的宿主先天性免疫可能在病毒引起重癥和死亡病例的原因中發(fā)揮重要的作用。 為了解EV71對(duì)先天性免疫中的干擾素系統(tǒng)的作用,本研究使用表達(dá)GFP的重組HSV-1評(píng)價(jià)Ⅰ型干擾素(α,β)作用。干擾素(α,p)作用于培養(yǎng)的HeLa細(xì)胞,可以誘導(dǎo)HeLa細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗病毒作用而抑制HSV-1的GFP的表達(dá)。同樣,發(fā)現(xiàn)EV71病毒也可以在干擾素誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生抗病毒蛋白的HeLa細(xì)胞中增殖,說(shuō)明EV71能夠抵抗干擾素(α,β)的抗病毒作用。 為進(jìn)一步了解EV71抵抗干擾素的機(jī)制,我們將EV71的2A蛋白酶轉(zhuǎn)染入HeLa細(xì)胞,發(fā)現(xiàn)2A抑制了干擾素(α、β)的作用,使HSV-1復(fù)制明顯增強(qiáng)。因此,EV71病毒可能通過(guò)干擾Ⅰ型干擾素的作用而逃避宿主的免疫防御,從而造成病毒的持續(xù)感染。
[Abstract]:Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a global infectious disease caused by several enterovirus.Most cases occur in children under 5 years old, can cause hand, foot, mouth, buttocks and other parts of the herpes.Hand-foot-mouth disease is usually mild, infecting children and adults as asymptomatic carriers but capable of spreading the virus.The course of disease is about 7 to 10 days, a few children can cause myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis and other complications.The epidemiological results showed that HFMD caused by coxsackie virus A16 (Coxsackie virus A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) were the most common. Most of them were sporadic.Innate immunity refers to an individual born with a wide range of functions, not specific to the immune ability of specific antigen, so it is also called nonspecific immunity.It plays an important role in the defense mechanism of the organism and is the first line of defense against the infection of pathogenic microorganisms. It is also the physiological rejection of many antigens.An important aspect of congenital immune response immune response is the synthesis and secretion of type 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1714903